
Book rr-T^ 

t ' H ^^ 



THE NEW HAMPSHIRE 
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY 




CONCORD 

NEW HAMPSHIRE 

1922 



THE NEW HAMPSHIRE 
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY 

Personnel 

List of Committees 

Record of Organized Work 

Financial Statement 




concord 

new hampshire 

1922 









^. 



Printed at 

THE RUMFORD PRESS 

CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE 

U. S. A. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

MAY 181922 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

I. Personnel 1 

Committee of One Hundred 1 

Executive Committee and Officers 2 

Subcommittees 3 

Food Production, 1917 3 

Emergency Food Production, 1918 .... 3 

Recruiting 3 

Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation .... 4 

Emergency Help and Equipment 4 

Industrial Survey 4 

Transportation 5 

Finance 5 

Coordination of Aid Societies 5 

Aid for Dependent Soldiers and Sailors ... 6 

Military Equipment and Supplies .... 6 

Aviation 6 

Mobilization and Concentration Camps . . 6 

Naval 7 

State Protection 7 

Research. 7 

Speakers Bureau 7 

Americanization 8 

War Historian 8 

Non-War Construction 8 

Woman's Committee 8 

Four Minute Men 8 

Chairmen of Special War Activities .... 8 

Chairmen of Local Committees 9 

II. Beginnings of the Movement 13 

III. Organization 18 

IV. The Legislature 30 

V. Keeping in Touch with the Towns 34 

VI. The Work of the Executive Committee .... 49 

VII. Recruiting 68 



iv CONTENTS 

VIII. Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation 82 

IX. Emergency Help and Equipment 92 

X. Industrial Survey 96 

XI. Transportation 101 

XII. Public Service Reserve Ill 

XIII. Curtailment of Non-War Construction . . . 116 

XIV. Americanization 121 

XV. The Historian 126 

XVI. Conclusion 133 

XVII. Financial Statement 136 



THE NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 
ON PUBLIC SAFETY 



PERSONNEL 



COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDRED ON PUBLIC SAFETY 



Governor, Henry W. 
Rolland H. Spaulding, North Rochester 
Samuel D. Felker, Rochester 
Robert P. Bass, Peterborough 
Henry B. Quinby, Lakeport 
Charles M. Floyd, Manchester 
Nahum J. Bachelder, Andover 
Harry W. Spaulding, Manchester 
James B. Crowley, Nashua 
Nathaniel W. Hobbs, Concord 
Fred N. Beckwith, Dover 
Samuel T. Ladd, Portsmouth 
George F. Rich, Berlin 
George H. Fames, Jr., Keene 
Clarence E. Rowe, Laconia 
J. Levi Meader, Rochester 
Fred H. Brown, Somersworth 
A. A. Beaton, Franklin 
J. Wesley Adams, Derry 
Jesse M. Barton, Newport 
George W. Barnes, Lyme 
Frank U. Bell, Lebanon 
Ernest L. Bell, Plymouth 
Samuel K. Bell, Exeter 
J. A. Bernier, Manchester 
James F. Brennan, Peterborough 
Orton B. Brown, Berlin 
Sherman E. Burroughs, Manchester 
Clarence E. Carr, Andover 
Winthrop L. Carter, Nashua 
Edward H. Catlin, Hill 
William D. Chandler, Concord 
Winston Churchill, Cornish 



Keyes, North Haverhill 

Arthur E. Clarke, Manchester 

Richard A. Cooney, Portsmouth 

W. C. Coughlin, Keene 

George E. Cummings, W'oodsville 

Samuel S. Drury, Concord 

Bertram Ellis, Keene 

Charles S. Emerson, Milford 

Fred W. Estabrook, Nashua 

Walter B. Farmer, Hampton Falls 

George J. Foster, Dover 

Edward J. Gallagher, Concord 

John M. Gile, Hanover 

John G. M. Glessner, Bethlehem 

Frank W. Hamlin, Charlestown 

Fernando W. Hartford, Portsmouth 

Arthur M. Heard, Manchester 

George E. Henry, Lincoln 

Allen Hollis, Concord 

Ernest M. Hopkins, Hanover 

George T. Hughes, Dover 

Roy D. Hunter, W'est Claremont 

Frank Huntress, Keene 

John C. Hutchins, No. Stratford 

John B. Jameson, Antrim 

Shirley M. Johnson, Goffstown 

Edwin E. Jones, Colebrook 

A. B. Jenks, Manchester 

Frank Knox, Manchester 

Earl C. Lane, Berlin 

George B. Leighton, Dublin 

William Marcotte, Manchester 

Willis McDuffee, Rochester 



NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 



Lyford A. Merrow, Ossipee 

William R. Mooney, Nashua 

Walter A. Morgan, Dover 

Arthur P. Morrill, Concord 

Herbert B. Moulton, Lisbon 

Robert C. Murchie, Concord 

J. B. Murdock, Portsmouth 

David E. Murphy, Concord 

Francis P. Murphy, Newport 

True L. Norris, Portsmouth 

Bion L. Nutting, Concord 

Ralph D. Paine, Durham 

Frank N. Parsons, Franklin 

Edward N. Pearson, Concord 

Harlow S. Person, Hanover 

C. H. Pettee, Durham 

Arthiu- J. Pierce, Bennington 

E. Bertram Pike, Pike 

Rosecrans W. Pillsbury, Londonderry 

A. J. Precourt, Manchester 

James W. Remick, Concord 

Montgomery Rollins, Dover 



L. H. Shattuck, Manchester 
Hovey E. Slayton, Manchester 
J. Brodie Smith, Manchester 
W. Parker Straw, Manchester 
Frank S. Streeter, Concord 
Frank J. Sulloway, Concord 
P. H. Sullivan, Manchester 
William H. Sweeney, Laconia 
Omar S. Swenson, Concord 
Marcel Theriault, Nashua 
Lester F. Thurber, Nashua 
Charles E. Tilton, Tilton 
Henry B. Tilton, Portsmouth 
Omar A. Towne, Franklin 
J. D. Upham, Claremont 
J. A. Vaillancoutt, Berlin 
Thomas R. Varick, Manchester 
George A. Wagner, Manchester 
Burtt E. Warren, Nashua 
Elbert Wheeler, Nashua 
David M. White, Lancaster 
Gordon Woodbury, Bedford 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

John B. Jameson, Antrim, Chairman 
Rolland H. Spaulding, North Rochester, Vice-Chairman 
Clarence E. Carr, Andover Arthiu- B. Jenks, Manchester 

*Winthrop L Carter, Nashua Bion L. Nutting, Concord 

*Frank H. Dixon, Hanover *Harlow S. Person, Hanover 

Arthur M. Heard, Manchester James P. Richardson, Hanover 

Roy D. Himter, West Claremont Frank S. Streeter, Concord 

Lester F. Thiu-ber, Nashua 

*Robert Jackson, Concord, Secretary 

Richard W. Husband, Hanover, Secretary 

Joseph W. Worthen, Concord, Asst.-Secretary 

Henry W. Shelton, Hanover, Supervisor of Records 
*Robert M. Chase, Concord, Assistarit in charge of Accounting and Purchasing 

Harry H. Dudley, Concord, Treasurer 

*Resigned. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 



SUB-COMMITTEES 

FOOD PRODUCTION. CONSERVATION AND DISTRIBUTION (1917) 

Huntley N. Spaulding, North Rochester, Chairman 
William H. Ranney, Derry, Vice-Chairman 



J. Wesley Adams, Derry 
Arthur S. Andrews, Hudson 
George W. Barnes, Lyme 
Frank J. Beal, Plymouth 
P. A. Campbell, Dixville 
Fred M. Caswell, Manchester 
William C. Coughlin, Keene 
Eugene S. Daniel, Greenland 
Richard T. Eastman, Groveton 
Walter B. Farmer, South Hampton 
John D. Gardiner, Nashua 
Warren Hale, Dixville 
W. D. F. Hay den, Dover 
William F. Holbrook, Keene 
Arthur B. Hough, Lebanon 
Leland James, Laconia, R. F. D. 



Robert W. Jameson, Antrim 
John C. Kendall, Durham 
William Marcotte, Manchester 
Nathaniel E. Martin, Concord 
Merrill Mason, Marlboro 
Walter C. O'Kane, Durham 
Richard Pattee, Plymouth 
E. Bertram Pike, Pike 
Rosecrans W. Pillsbury, Londonderry 
John W. Prentiss, Alstead 
George M. Putnam, Contoocook 
Ashton Rollins, Dover 
Edward B. Saunders, Nashua 
Edward M. Slay ton, Manchester 
Frederick W. Taylor, Durham 
Marcel Theriault, Nashua 



Samuel O. Titus, Rollinsford 

EMERGENCY FOOD PRODUCTION COMMITTEE (1918) 

Huntley N. Spaulding, North Rochester, Chairman 
Ralph D. Hetzel, Diurham, Executive Manager 
Andrew L. Felker, Concord George M. Putnam, Hopkinton 

Fred A. Rogers, Plainfield George H. Whitcher, Concord 

RECRUITING 

*Frank Knox, Manchester, Chairman 

A. B. Jenks, Manchester, Chairman 

Richard A. Cooney, Portsmouth, Vice-Chairman 

Joseph B. Mxu-dock, Portsmouth, Vice-Chairman 



Rockingham County 

Norman H. Bean, Portsmouth 
Strafford County 

James S. Chamberlin, Durham 
Carroll County 

William N. Rogers, Sanbornville 
Belknap County 

Fletcher Hale, Laconia 
Merrimack County 

Frank P. Ripley, Franklin 

* Resigned. 



Hillsboro County 

Robert P. Johnston, Manchester 
Cheshire County 

Paul F. Babbidge, Keene 
Sullivan County 

Henry S. Richardson, Claremont 
Grafton County 

Frank U. Bell, Lebanon 
Coos County 

J. A. Vaillancourt, Berlin 



NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 



HYGIENE, MEDICINE AND SANITATION 



John M. Gile, M. D., 
D. E. Sullivan, M. D 
Charles P. Bancroft, M. D., Concord 
Henry S. Beckford, M. D., Laconia 
Ernest L. Bell, M. D., Plymouth 
E. C. Blaisdell, D. D. S., Portsmouth 
George A. Bowers, D. D. S., Nashua 
Damase Caron, M. D., Manchester 
W. T. Crosby, M. D., Manchester 
H. K. Faulkner, M. D., Keene 
G. S. Foster, M. D., Manchester 
Emdon Fritz, M. D., Nashua 
John H. Gleason, M. D., Manchester 
J. B. Hammond, D. D. S., Somersworth 
H. Heffinger, M. D. 
Edwin P. Hodgman, M. D., Laconia 
Edwin E. Jones, M. D., Colebrook 
Howard N. Kingsford, M. D., Hanover 
Frank E. Kittredge, M. D., Nashua 
George W. McGregor, M. D., Littleton 

William A. Young, 



Hanover, Chairman 

, Concord, Secretary 
Carleton R. Metcalf, M. D., Concord 
Abraham W. Mitchell, M. D., Epping 
Sibley G. Morrill, M. D., Concord 
Daniel C. Norton, M. D., Manchester 
A. Wilford Petit, M. D., Nashua 
Andrew J. Sawyer, D. D. S., Manchester 
A. W. Shea, M. D., Nashua 
Henry L. Smith, M. D., Nashua 
Ferdinand A. Stillings, M. D., Concord 
A. Gale Straw, M. D., Manchester 
Frank S. Sulloway, Concord 
Fred S. Towle, M. D., Portsmouth 
Samuel R. Upham, M. D., Claremont 
Charles R. Walker, M. D., Concord 
Irving A. Watson, M. D., Concord 
Clarence P. Webster, D. D. S.. Franklin 
Russell Wilkins, M. D., Concord 
James B. Woodman, M. D., Franklin 
D. D. S., Concord 



EMERGENCY HELP AND EQUIPMENT 

Louis H. Shattuck, Manchester, Chairman 

Orton B. Brown, Berlin, V ice-Chairman 

Charles A. Holden, Hanover, Executive Secretary 



Irving W. Brown, North Hampton 

W. A. A. Cullen, Portsmouth 

Perry H. Dow, Manchester 

Whitfield A. Erb, Nashua 

Leonard J. Farrell, Manchester 

Dionesus Gillis, Berlin 

John Frank Goodwin, Wolfeboro 

George E. Henry, Lincoln 

John C. Hutchins, North Stratford 



Samuel F. Langdell, Manchester 
Ralph C. Marden, Manchester 
Wilbur L. Marshall, Colebrook 
Horace E. Osgood, Nashua 
Joel F. Sheppard, Dover 
William F. Sullivan, Nashua 
Omar S. Swenson, Concord 
George L. Theobald, Concord 
Cassius M. White, Keene 



INDUSTRIAL SURVEY 

Frank H. Dixon, Hanover, Chairman 
John T. Amey, Lancaster Thomas W. Fry, Claremont 

Richard A. Brown, Concord William R. Gray, Hanover 

James F. Cavanaugh, Manchester Roscoe S. Milliken, Nashua 

Guy E. Chesley, Rochester Thomas Officer, Claremont 

Albert L. Clough, Manchester R. H. Porter, Durham 

Herbert L. Flather, Nashua Allan L. Priddy, Hanover 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 



D. Sidney Rollins, Newport 
J. Brodie Smith, Manchester 
Herbert Sullivan, Berlin 



*Frederick W. Taylor, Durham 
Henry B. Tilton, Portsmouth 
William E. Whitney, Sunapee 



Eben M. Willis, Concord 

TRANSPORTATION 

*Hovey E. Slayton, Manchester, Chairman 
William C. Spear, Manchester, Chairman 
Frank H. Dixon, Hanover Thomas J. Guay, Laconia 

Rufus N. Elwell, Exeter Fred P. Learned, Woodsville 

Frederick E. Everett, Concord *Frank A. Merrill, Concord 

William H. Folson, Exeter William R. Mooney, Concord 

*Elwin C. Foster, Manchester Perley P. Pillsbury, Manchester 

J. W. Goldthwait, Hanover Henry C. Robinson, Concord 

J. Duncan Upham, Claremont 

FINANCE 

Lester F. Thurber, Nashua, Chairman 



John K. Bates, Portsmouth 
Bernard Q. Bond, Rochester 
Frank P. Carpenter, Manchester 
Irving W. Drew, Lancaster 
George A. Fairbanks, Newport 
Josiah E. Fernald, Concord 
David A. Gregg, Nashua 
William F. Harrington, Manchester 
Edmund Little, Laconia 



Wallace L. Mason, Keene 
Walter M. Parker, Manchester 
Albert J. Precourt, Manchester 
Henry E. Richardson, Littleton 
Abraham M. Stahl, Berlin 
Roger G. Sullivan, Manchester 
Alvah W. Sulloway, Franklin 
George A. Tenney, Claremont 
Fred V. Weeks, Plymouth 



Arthur G. Whittemore, Dover 



COORDINATION OF AID SOCIETIES 

Ernest M. Hopkins, Hanover, Chairman 

J. E. Bernier, Manchester Edward N. Pearson, Concord 

Harry E. Burton, Hanover Lewis Perry, Exeter 

Arthur T. Cass, Tilton William H. Riley, Concord 

Stephen S. Jewett, Laconia Leslie P. Snow, Rochester 

Henri T. Ledoux, Nashua Patrick H. Sullivan, Manchester 

J. C. Mandelson, Nashua Frank J. Sulloway, Concord 

John R. McLane, Manchester George H. Turner, Bethlehem 
Jerry P. Wellman, Keene 
* Resigned. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 



AID FOR DEPENDENTS OF SOLDIERS AND SAILORS 

Montgomery Rollins, Dover, Chairman 



William H. Bellows, Littleton 
Cyrille Brodeur, Nashua 
Albert 0. Brown, Manchester 
Harold W. Brown, Dover 
George A. Carpenter, Wolfeboro 
John Conway, Manchester 
John B. Gilbert, Berlin 
John G. M. Glessner, Bethlehem 
James W. Hill, Manchester 
William F. Knight, Laconia 



Woodbury Langdon, Portsmouth 
Herbert B. Moulton, Lisbon 
David E. Murphy, Concord 
Ralph D. Paine, Durham 
Walter R. Porter, Keene 
Frank W. Sargeant, Manchester 
John F. Stark, Nashua 
Charles W. Stevens, Nashua 
George B. Upham, Claremont 
James A. Wellman, Manchester 



John R. Willis, Manchester 

MILITARY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 

William Parker Straw, Manchester, Chairman 
James F. Brennan, Peterboro Francis P. Murphy, Newport 

Harry H. Blunt, Nashua Clinton E. Parker, Concord 

John J. Colony, Keene Thomas G. Plant, Moultonboro 

Lewis Dexter, Manchester Ralph D. Reed, Manchester 

Herman E. Feineman, Rochester Richard W. Sulloway, Franklin 

Henry H. Knapp, Laconia William C. Swallow, Manchester 

George E. Trudel, Manchester 

AVIATION 

Thomas R. Varick, Manchester, Chairman 
Charles W. Aiken, Franklin Philip C. Lockwood, Manchester 

Frank E. Anderson, Nashua William H. Moses, Tilton 

Robert P. Bass, Peterboro Calvin Page, Portsmouth 

Norwin S. Bean, Manchester Eugene Quirin, Manchester 

Samuel K. Bell, Exeter John Scammon, Exeter 

William R. Brown, Berlin Louis E. Shipman, Plainfield 

Charles L. Jackman, Concord George F. Thiu-ber, Nashua 

Charles E. Tilton, Tilton 

MOBILIZATION AND CONCENTRATION CAMPS 

Jason E. Tolles, Nashua, Chairman 
Daniel J. Daley, Berlin Arthur J. Moreau, Manchester 

Jeremiah J. Doyle, Nashua Eugene P. Nute, Farmington 

Ralph F. Hough, Lebanon Edward J. Rossiter, Claremont 

Edgar H. Hunter, Hanover Edward K. Woodworth, Concord 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 7 

NAVAL 

Joseph B. Murdock, Portsmouth, Chairman 
William D. Chandler, Concord Frank Knox, Manchester 

Wmston Churchill, Cornish Robert L. Manning, Manchester 

George P. Crafts, Manchester George D. Mayo, Laconia 

Lewis W. Crockett, Manchester L-ving G. Rowell, Sunapee 

Fernando W. Hartford, Portsmouth Thomas R. Varick, Manchester 

STATE PROTECTION 

Elbert WTieeler, Nashua, Chairman 
Charles M. Floyd, Manchester, Vice-Chairman 

Walter G. Africa, Manchester William E. Marvin, Portsmouth 

Edwin J. Bartlett, Hanover James H. Mendell, Manchester 

William B. Burpee, Manchester Lyford A. Merrow, Ossipee 

Edward H. Catlin, Hill Joseph E. Mooney, Manchester 

Harry B. Cilley, Manchester Arthur P. Morrill, Concord 

Thomas F. Dwyer, Lebanon Arthur J. Pierce, Bennington 

Charles S. Emerson, Milford James W. Remick, Concord 

Irving S. Goodwin, Nashua Merrill Shurtleff, Lancaster 

Frank W. Hamlin, Charlestowu Riilph W. Smith, Keene 

Michael J. Healey, Manchester William J. Starr, Manchester 

Allen Hollis, Concord Edmund Sullivan, Berlin 

Earl C. Lane, Berlin Charles W. Tobey, Manchester 

RESEARCH 

Charles E. Hewitt, Durham, Chairman 
Gordon F. Hull, Hanover Vasco E. Nunez, Nashua 

SPEAKERS' BUREAU 

Edwin F. Jones, Manchester, Chairman 
Harry J. Brown, Concord, Vice-Chairman 
Elwin L. Page, Concord, Secretary 
Andrew L. Felker, Concord John S. B. Davie, Concord 

Harry F. Lake, Concord Charles M. Floyd, Manchester 

Arthur P. Morrill, Concord Perley A. Foster, Concord 

Gov. Henry W. Keyes, North Haverhill Ralph D. Hetzel, Durham 

J. Wesley Adams, Derry Arthur B. Jenks, Manchester 

E. W. Butterfield, Concord William Marcotte, Manchester 

Winthrop L. Carter, Nashua Huntley N. Spaulding, North Rochester 

Richard A. Cooney, Portsmouth P. H. Sullivan, Manchester 

Mrs. Mary I. Wood, Portsmouth 



8 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

AMERICANIZATION 

Frank S. Streeter, Concord, Chairman 
Maro S. Brooks, Exeter, Executive Secretary 
Ralph C. Fitts, Manchester, Secretary 
E. W. Butterfield, Concord *Bion L. Nutting, Concord 

Richard A. Cooney, Portsmouth Edward M. Parker, Concord 

Harriet L. Huntress, Concord F. W. Rahmanopp, Berlin 

Mrs. R. W. Husband, Hanover Winfield L. Shaw, Manchester 

*Henri T. Ledoux, Nashua William C. Swallow, Manchester 

Wilfrid J. Lessard, Manchester *Erville B. Woods, Hanover 

WAR HISTORIAN 
Richard Wellington Husband, Hanover 

Committee Ad\130RT to the Historian 
Clarence E. Carr, Andover Frank S. Streeter, Concord 

NON-WAR CONSTRUCTION 

Clarence E. Carr, Andover, Chairman 
Edward N. Pearson, Concord Frank W. Sargeant, ISIanchester 

NEW HAMPSHIRE DIVISION, WOMAN'S COMMITTEE, 
COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE 

(Auxiliary Committee) 
Mrs. Mary I. Wood, Portsmouth, Chairman 
Miss Anne Hobbs, Concord, Vice-Chairman 
Mrs. Albertus T. Dudley, Exeter, Secretary 
Mrs. Susan C. Bancroft, Concord, Treasurer 
Mrs. Wesley Adams, Derry Mrs. Richard W. Husband, Hanover 

Mrs. O. B. Brown, Berlin Mrs. George F. Morris, Lancaster 

Mrs. Alpha H. Harriman. Laconia Mrs. David E. Murphy, Concord 

Miss Harriet L. Huntress, Concord Mrs. William H. Schofield, Peterborough 

Mrs. George D. Towne, Manchester 

FOUR-MINUTE MEN 

*Harry F. Lake, Concord, Chairman 
Louis E. Shipman, Plainfield, Chairman 

CHAIRMEN OF SPECIAL WAR ACTIVITIES 

Huntley N. Spaulding, North Rochester, Federal Food Administrator 
*Charles M. Floyd, Manchester, Federal Fuel Administrator 
Hovey E. Slayton, Manchester, Federal Fuel Administrator 
RoUand H. Spaulding, North Rochester, Chairman Second Red Cross War Fund 

* Resigned. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 



9 



Allen Hollis, Concord, State Director National War Savings Committee 

Charles W. Tobey, Manchester, Chairman Liberty Loan Committee 

Mrs. W. H. Schofield, Peterborough, Chairman Women's Liberty Loan Committee 

Mrs. R. W. Husband, Hanover, Field Representative American Red Cross 

Wyman K. Flint, Antrim, Chairman Emergency Health Committee 



CHAIRMEN OF LOCAL COMMITTEES 



Acworth Almon Clark 

Alexandria Howard F. Wallis 

Allenstown B. L. Millen 

Alstead C. J. NeweU 

Alton E. H. Rollins 

Amherst Charles P. Dodge 

Andover George W. Stone 

Antrim Robert W. Jameson 

Ashland L. W. Packard 

Auburn Fred H. Hall 

Barnstead Isaac E. Harriman 

Barrington W. S. Davis 

Bartlett Granville K. Howard 

Bath A.N. Blandin 

Belmont Allen M. Agle 

Bennington Arthm- J. Pierce 

Benton L. H. Parker 

Berlin W. Robinson Brown 

Bethlehem George H. Turner 

Boscawen F. L. Gerrish 

Bow Robert W. Upton 

Bradford Carl A. Danforth 

Brentwood Charles Flanders 

Bridgewater Harris W. Hammond 

Bristol H. Carroll Field 

Brookfield Charles Willey 

Brookline Orville D. Fessenden 

Campton George E. Little 

Canaan Frank D. Currier 

Candia John D. Underbill 

Canterbury Frank H. Merrill 

Carroll J. F. WTialen 

Center Harbor . . Frank H. Morse 

Charlestown Frank W. Hamlin 

Chatham Harry Chandler 

Chester George A. Hosley 

Chesterfield Oran E. Randall 

Chichester George W. Lake 

Claremont J. D. Upham 

Clarksville Afton C. Hall 



Colebrook Cushman H. Parsons 

Columbia Fred G. Parsons 

Concord Burns P. Hodgman 

Conway James L. Gibson 

Cornish William E. Beaman 

Croydon Albert I. Barton 

Dalton Rev. D. C. Hershey 

Danbury Gilford A. Martin 

Danville Clarence M. Collins 

Deerfield Romanzo B. Fogg 

Deering Arthur O. Ellsworth 

Derry W. H. Ranney 

Dorchester George N. Burnham 

Dover George J. Foster 

Dublin Milton D. Mason 

Dummer Ernest C. Stiles 

Dunbarton Fred L. Ireland 

Durham C. H. Pettee 

East Kingston . . . A. L. Mackie 

Fasten Alfred T. Young 

Eaton Everett A. Stanly 

EflHngham Eugene Tewksbury 

Enfield Howard Pierce 

Epping Dr. A. W. Mitchell 

Epsom Walter H. Tripp 

Exeter William A. Francis 

Farmington Frank A. Adams 

Fitzwilliam John S. Blair 

Francestown Edwin W. Farnum 

Franconia Edward D. Parker 

Franklin Dr. A. A. Beaton 

Freedom R. G. Foster 

Fremont Stephen A. Frost 

Gilford Leland M. James 

Gilmanton J. W. Sanborn 

Gilsum Phen M. Wright 

Goffstown Shirley M. Johnson 

Gorham B.C. Smith 

Goshen Arthur W. Nelson 

Grafton A. A. Howe 



10 



NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 



Grantham J. M. Howe 

Greenfield Walter L. Hopkins 

Greenland Wm. A. Odell 

Greenville Frederick W. Ely 

Groton Chas. D. Jewell 

Hampstead Daniel A. Emerson 

Hampton Herbert L. Tobey 

Hampton Falls. . .W. B. Farmer 

Hancock Edson K. Upton 

Hanover Harry E. Burton 

Harrisville Orin L. Farwell 

Hart's Location . Jos. M. Monahan 

Haverhill E. Bertram Pike 

Hebron A. S. Adams 

Henniker William M. Bean 

Hill Jean M. Shaw 

Hillsboro Charles A. Jones 

Hinsdale W. F. Robertson 

Holderness Laurence J. Webster 

HoUis Willis C. Hardy 

Hooksett E. D. Talford 

Hopkinton Arthur C. Huntoon 

Hudson Dr. H. O. Smith 

Jackson John B. Hurlin 

Jafifrey W. F. Coolidge 

Jefferson George C. Evans 

Keene George H. Fames 

Kensington Frank A. Mace 

Kingston Frank W. Parker 

Laconia C. E. Rowe 

Lancaster Merrill Shurtleff 

Landaff Calvin Heath 

Langdon Henry Haile Dole 

Lebanon F. U. Bell 

Lee Lewis H. Snell 

Lempster Elbert E. Hurd 

Lincoln Thomas B. Moore 

Lisbon William H. Merrill 

Litchfield George C. Goffe 

Littleton Charles E. Gosselin 

Londonderry . . . . R. W. Pillsbiu-y 

Loudon E. P. Jenkins 

Lyman Ephriam Corey 

Lyme David A. Grant 

Lyndeboro Will F. Herrick 

Madbury Edward L. Young 

Madison Edson S. Nickerson 

Manchester E. C. Foster 



Marlborough .... Merrill Mason 

Marlow Warren M. Davis 

Mason Albert B. Eaton 

Meredith Charles Hewitt 

Merrimack John E. Haseltine 

Milan H. S. Lockhart 

Milford C. S. Emerson 

Milton Forrest L. Marsh 

Mont Vernon . . . Joseph G. Carleton 
Moultonboro . . . .James E. French 

Nashua James B. Crowley 

Nelson Harry R. Green 

New Boston B. P. Newton 

Newbury Elwin C. Lear 

Newcastle Oliver B. Marvin 

New Durham .... Dana P. Jones 

Newfields C. A. Pollard 

New Hampton . . . Edwin Chase 

Newington George W. Pickering 

New Ipswich .... Philip F. Gordon 
New London .... Calvin Sargent 

Newmarket Thurman A. Priest 

Newport Jesse M. Barton 

Newton John E. Hayford 

Northfield united with Tilton 

North Hampton. .Oilman H. Moulton 
Northumberland .E. H. Macloon 

Northwood Walton S. Adams 

Nottingham Arthur McDaniel 

Orange William R. Eastman 

Orford Edward P. Stone 

Ossipee S. O. Huckins 

Pelham Sherman Hobbs 

Pembroke C. B. Rogers 

Peterborough . . . .George D. Cummings 

Piermont E. V. Howard 

Pittsburg Charles H. Johnson 

Pittsfield Edward A. Lane 

Plaistow Fred P. Hill 

Plainfield Albion E. Long 

Plymouth A. F. Wentworth 

Portsmouth S. T. Ladd 

Randolph John H. Boothman 

Raymond William G. Brown 

Rindge Harris H. Rice 

Rochester Herman E. Feineman 

Rollinsford J. D. Roberts 

Roxbury T. M. Dillingham 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 



11 



Rumney George P. Loveland 

Rye Wallace S. Goss 

Salem William E. Lancaster 

Salisbm-y John Shaw 

Sanbornton Frank H. Hunkins 

Sandown John W. Lovering 

Sandwich Charles B. Hoyt 

Seabrook Ellsworth Brown 

Sharon !. J- F. Fitzgerald 

Shelburne Lawrence Philbrick 

Somers worth ... C. H. Wells 
South Hampton . Frank M. Jewell 

Springfield Geo. D. Philbrick 

Stark J. W. Emery 

Stewartstown . . . George D. Keysor 

Stoddard Frank Harlow 

Strafford James H. Stiles 

Stratford O. M. Holman 

Stratham W. Leslie Dining 

Sullivan Charles M. Hubbard 

Sunapee Moses F. Knowlton 

Surry Hollis W. Harvey 

Sutton H. L. Pillsbury 

Swanzey H. W. Brown 

Woodstock . . 



Tamworth Frank A. WTiiting 

Temple W. W. Colburn 

Thornton Simeon Frye 

Tilton Stanton E. Smith 

Troy Franklin Ripley, Sr. 

Tuftonboro John A. Edgerly 

Unity Frank Reed 

Wakefield W^illiam N. Rogers 

Walpole F. A. Spaulding 

Warner C. W. Adams 

Warren Archie A. Head 

Washington Albert T. Wright 

Weare Hiram E. Grant 

Webster Ben P. Little 

Wentworth Ralph A. Gove 

Wentworth's Loc. N. H. McGinley 
Westmoreland . . . Forrest W. Hall 

Whitefield Fiank B. Lewis 

Wilmot F. E. Goodhue 

Wilton Stephen A. Pierce 

Winchester F. P. Kellom 

Windliam Henry Y. Gilson 

Windsor Joseph K. Nelson 

Wolfeboro Harry L. Miles 

. Frank A. Fox 



The following members of the Committee of One Hundred, or of its Sub-Committees, 
entered the Service in the United States Army: 

Fred N. Beckwith, Dover, First Lieutenant, Artillery 
Ernest L. Bell, Plymouth, Captain, Medical Corps 
John M. Gile, Hanover, First Lieutenant, Medical Corps 
Frank Knox, Manchester, Major, Artillery 

Robert C. Murchie, Concord, Major, Judge Advocate General's Department 
Harlow S. Person, Hanover, Major, Inspector General's Department 
W. Parker Straw, Manchester, Major, Ordnance 
Charles E. Tilton, Tilton, First Lieutenant, Q. M. C. 
Carleton R. Metcalf, Concord, Captain, Medical Corps 
Fred S. Towle, Portsmouth, Captain, Medical Corps 
James B. Woodman, Franklin, Lieutenant Colonel, Medical Corps 
J. W. Goldthwait, Hanover, Captain, Military Intelligence Department 
George F. Thurber, Nashua, Captain, Q. M. C. 

Edgar H. Hunter, Hanover, Captain, Q. M. C, Construction Division 
Gordon F. Hull, Hanover, Major, Ordnance 
Russell Wilkins, Concord, Lieutenant Colonel, Medical Corps 
D. E. Sullivan, Concord, Captain, Medical Corps 
Robert M. Chase, Concord, Lieutenant, Artillery 

Rear Admiral Joseph B. Murdock, Portsmouth, retired, recalled to active duty in 
the Navy. 



12 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

The following entered upon responsible positions in war work in civilian capacity: 

Ernest M. Hopkins, Assistant to the Secretary of War on Industrial Relations 

Gordon Woodbury, American Red Cross, France 

Winthrop L. Carter, Emergency Fleet Corporation, Philadelphia 

Frank H. Dixon, U. S. Shipping Board, Washington 

John R. McLane, Assistant on Industrial Relations, Department of War 

Charles E. Holden, in charge of instruction. Training Detachment at Dartmouth 

College 
Charles E. Hewitt, in charge of instruction. Training Detachment at New Hampshire 

College 
Erville B. Woods, Statistician, National War Labor Board 
William R. Gray, Chief of Contract Accounts Division, Committee on Education and 

Special Training, Department of War 
Perley A. Foster, Y. M. C. A., Siberia 
Robert W. Jameson, American Red Cross, France 



II 

BEGINNINGS OF THE MOVEMENT 

Two years and eight months of careful observation of the war as it 
raged in Europe showed the American nation that success in warfare 
today depends upon sound business methods much more than it does 
upon excitement or mere enthusiasm. Before we ourselves declared 
war we realized thoroughly that our part in it would be insignificant 
unless we organized effectively to the end that each effort might attain 
maximum results. The most impressive fact about our participation 
in the struggle is that for the first time in tlie history of warfare a very 
considerable portion of the work was dependent upon ci\dlian activity 
and civilian organization. The part played by the private citizens of 
New Hampshire in preparation for making the power of the state most 
useful and valuable is of noteworthy magnitude. 

A list of the war activities apart from those concerned with actual 
operations in the field and fiu'nishing supplies to the troops would be 
an index of the degree to which civilian aid was invoked. The noble 
spirit of work and sacrifice engendered caused each citizen to feel that 
he too had some small share in the success of the cause. When we 
consider the universal participation in Liberty Loans, Food Production 
and Conservation, Red Cross activity. War Savings, economy in 
money and labor, and in numerous other features of the war period, we 
begin to realize that the war was not merely one of armies but of 
peoples as well. Nor did the people merely follow when directed in 
these matters. On the contrary, civilians were largely in charge, and 
usually ser\nng voluntarily. Perhaps of especial interest is the fact 
that even the administration of the Selective Service Act, whereby 
almost one half of our army was secm-ed, was entrusted to ci\alians. 

During the weeks immediately preceding om- entrance into the war, 
the governors of the New England states were anxiously considering 
the condition of preparedness of the several states to meet the emer- 
gency that all felt was sure to arise. The Governor of Massachusetts 
definitely undertook to place that Commonwealth upon a war basis 
somewhat earlier than did any of the other states of New England; 
and, indeed, somewhat earlier than any other state in the Union. 
The Governor of Massachusetts appointed a Committee on Public 
2 13 



14 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

Safety, which began its active work in the middle of February, and 
had accompHshed a most valuable service before the time when the 
Congress voted that a state of war existed. 

The next state, in order of time, to adopt measures in preparation of 
war, was Connecticut, whose Legislature passed an act authorizing 
the taking of a census of human resources (man power). 

On the 9th of March, 1917, Governor S. W. McCall of Massachu- 
setts invited the other governors of the New England States to attend 
a conference in the State House at Boston on March 13, in the belief 
that it might prove not only possible, but highly desirable, that the 
New England states should take united action aiul adopt co-operative 
measm-es to assist the nation. The following is the letter of invita- 
tion addressed to Governor Keyes: 

"Hon. Henry W. Kkvks, 
Governor of New Hampshire, 
Concord, N. H. 
Dear Governor Kei/e.s: 

"After careful consideration, I am of the opinion tliat it would be well for the Governors 
of the several New England States to come together with their Adjutants General and 
discuss plans of common interest in the present disturbed condition of affairs. Accord- 
ingly I take pleasure in inviting you and your Chief of Staff or Adjutant General to a 
conference in the executive offices at the State House, Boston, on Tuesday next, March 
13, at 4 P. M. I .should be pleased to have you consider yourself while in Boston the 
guest of this Commonwealth. Will you therefore plea.se advise me promptly by tele- 
graph your pleasure in the matter, and oblige. 

"Sincerely yoiu-s, 

"(Sig.) S. W. McCall." 

Owing to duties which seemed imperatively to demand his personal 
attention. Governor Keyes recjuested that the date of the meeting be 
changed; but, finding that a postponement was impossil)le, he decided 
to attend the meeting on the day apj)ointed, feeling that the crisis was 
so great, and the necessity for immediate joint action so pressing, that 
other state duties must give way. 

At this meeting, each governor outlined what his own state was 
doing by way of military preparation, and expressed the feeling that 
very much more should be done and that there was need of special 
committees or other authorities to carry on the work satisfactorily. 
It was felt also by all who were present that it would be wise for the 
United States, as a whole, to engage vigorously and immediately in the 
work of practical preparation for the possibility of the otitbreak of 
war. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 15 

To that end, the governors present adopted and signed the following 
declaration : 

"We, the undersigned governors of the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, 
Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, hereby pledge our support and the sup- 
port of oiu- respective States to the President of the United States in carrying out his 
announced policy to protect American lives and property upon the high seas. To the 
end that this may effectively be accomplished, and that we may be able to defend 
American ships and American rights and the honor and integrity of our country, we 
urge upon the national government the supreme importance of recruiting the army and 
navy to a war footing, and the immediate manufacture of ample military supplies and 
equipment, and their speedy distribution among the depots in the various States, so that 
in case of need they may be instantly available. It is our profound conviction that the 
practical preparation which is necessary to enable even our present small army and navy 
to fight should be prosecuted with all possible vigor. Therefore, we urge upon the na- 
tional government the necessity of making forthwith the most energetic preparations for 
our national defense upon land and sea." 

On March 27, Governor Keyes appointed a Committee on Public 
Safety, consisting of ninety private citizens and the mayors of ten 
cities of New Hampshire, to co-operate with the civil and military 
authorities in the work of preparedness. A letter was addressed to 
each member of the Committee of One Hundred as follows : 

"Concord. N. H., March 28, 1917. 
This is to notify you of your appointment as a member of the New Hampshire Com- 
mittee of One Hundred on the Public Safety and to express the hope that you will make 
the personal sacrifice necessary to aid in this very urgent and important work by giving 
the state and nation the benefit of your valuable services. At the recent conference of 
Governors in Boston, this form of organization was agreed upon by all the New England 
States for individual and co-operative work. In Massachusetts it now is in successful 
operation and I believe it to be of great importance that we should follow suit as soon as 
possible. A meeting for organization, conference and the making up of sub-committees, 
v,'\l\ be held at 11.30 a. m., Friday, March 30, in the Council Chamber at the State 
House, and I sincerely hope and trust you will find it possible to attend. 
Ycurs very truly, 

(Sig.) Henry W. Keyes, Governor." 

The following is a copy of the minutes of the meeting of the Com- 
mittee of One Hundred, held on March 30, 1917: 

A meeting of the New Hampshire Committee of One Hundred on the Public Safety, 
appointed by His Excellency, Governor Keyes, was held in the Council Chamber in the 
State House, Concord, N. H., on Friday, March 30, 1917, at 11.30 a. m. 

Governor Keyes, the Chairman, presided. 

On motion, Nathaniel W. Hobbs of Concord was elected Secretary, and Harry H. 
Dudley of Concord, Treasurer. 

A roll call showed the presence of about 75 per cent of the committee notified of the 
meeting. 



16 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

On motion of President Hopkins of Dartmouth College, it was voted that the chair- 
man appoint a committee of five to recommend a list of names for members of the 
Executive Committee; the Executive Committee, when chosen, to have the power of 
naming the chairman and members of necessary sub-committees. 
The chairman appointed as the committee: 

President Hopkins of Dartmouth College 
Charles S. Emerson of Milford 
E. Bertram Pike of Pike 
Omar A. Towne of Franklin 
Thomas R. Varick of Manchester 
The committee reported, recommending the following for members of the Executive 
Committee: 

John B. Jameson, Antrim, Chairman 
Rolland H. Spaulding, North Rochester 
Frank S. Streeter, Concord 
Arthur M. Heard, Manchester 
Arthur B. Jenks, Manchester 
Winthrop L. Carter, Nashua 
Harlow S. Person, Hanover 
Clarence E. Carr, Andover 
Roy D. Hunter, Claremont 
The report of the committee was acceptetl. 

On motion of Frank Knox, it was voted that the Executive Committee, subject to any 
further vote of this body, be and hereby is empowered to effect a working organization, 
to decide upon and appoint sub-committees for such purposes as it may determine; to 
make plans, determine policies and carry them out; and, in general, to conduct the affairs 
of this Committee on Public Safety, and that the Executive ( ommittee be empowered to 
increase the number of its membership. 

Governor Keyes addressed the committee, telling what the departments of the state 
were doing for the public safety, and introduced Cliarles F. Weed of Boston, President 
of the Boston Ciiamber of Commerce and member of the Massachusetts Committee on 
Public Safety, who addressed the committee on the unpreparedness of the country and 
on the activities that should be undertaken. 

The following resolutions, introduced by John B. Jameson, were unanimously adopted : 
"Whereas, a state of war now exists between the United States and Germany; and 
"Whereas, this condition has been forced upon us in spite of our utmost endeavors 
to avoid it by all honorable means; and 

Whereas, in the prosecution of this war and while professing friendship for us, the 
Government of Germany has ignored its treaties, repeatedly broken its pledges, insti- 
gated and encouraged sedition in our land, murdered our citizens upon the high seas 
and conspired to bring conflict between us and nations with which we are now at peace: 
"Be it resolved by the New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety: 
First, that we urge the national government to recognize that a state of war exists 
and to immediate action in maintaining our honor and safeguarding our interests, and 
pledge to oirr government our full loyalty and support; 

Second, that we urge upon our Congress, soon to assemble, the imperative necessity 
for the immediate enactment of such legislation as shall make it possible to preserve our 
rights as a nation in any contingency; 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 17 

"Third, that we also urge upon Congress the necessity of retaining in positions of na- 
tional trust and responsibility only those men known to be loyal, that precedents in 
either body be not allowed to interfere with national efficiency in committee chair- 
manship or otherwise, and that all partisanship be submerged in patriotic appreciation 
of the needs of the hour; 

"Fourth, that we urge upon the people of our state a serious realization of conditions 
that confront us and quick action in preparing for the most effective maintenance of our 
rights and honor; 

"Fifth, that copies of these resolutions be forwarded to the President of the United 
States, to the President of the National Senate, the Speaker of the National House of 
Representatives, and to the Senators and Representatives of New Hampshire in Con- 
gress." 

The following also addressed the committee: 

President Hopkins of Dartmouth College 
Acting President C. H. Pettee of N. H. State College 
J. Wesley Adams 
Richard A. Cooney 
Frank S. Streeter 
Montgomery Rollins 
On motion of J. Duncan Upham, a vote of thanks was extended to Charles F. Weed. 
On motion, it was voted to adjourn to the call of the chairman. 
A true record. 
Attest : 

(Sig.) NATn.4.NiEL W. HoBBS, Secretary. 
Chairman John B. Jameson announced that a meeting of the Executive Committee 
would be held immediately upon the adjournment of the meeting of the Committee of 
One Hundred. 



Ill 

ORGANIZATION 

The Executive Committee was composed of men representing differ- 
ent localities in the state, and various occupations. 

The Chairman, John B. Jameson of Antrim, Treasurer of the 
United Life and Accident Insurance Company, a business man having 
large interests in New Hampshire and in the West. 

The Vice-Chairman, RoUand H. Spaulding of North Rochester, 
former Governor of New Hampshire, and Vice-President of the 
J. Spaulding & Sons Co., Rochester. 

Clarence E. Carr of Andover, lawyer, manufacturer, farmer and 
member of many philanthropic and political organizations. 

Winthrop L. Carter of Nashua, Treasurer of the Nasjiua Gummed 
and Coated Paper Co., and President of the New Hampshire ]\Ianu- 
facturers' Association; afterward resigned to accept service with the 
Emergency Fleet Corporation at Philadelj^hia. 

Arthur M. Heard of jNIanchester, President of the Amoskeag 
National Bank, President of the New Hampshire Bankers Association, 
Director of the Federal Reserve Bank, Boston. 

Roy D. Hunter of West Claremont, farmer, member of the Board of 
Trustees of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanic 
Arts. 

Arthur B. Jenks of Manchester, President of the Stale Board of 
Trade and Vice-President of F. M. Hoyt & Co., shoe manufacturers. 

Harlow S. Person of Hanover, Director of the Tuck School of Ad- 
ministration and Finance; afterward resigned to enter the office of the 
Sub-Committee on Storage Facilities, a section of the General Muni- 
tions Board; later became Major in the Quartermaster Department, 
afterward transferred to the Department of the Inspector General. 

Frank S. Streeter of Concord, lawyer, President of the New Hamp- 
shire Defense League, member American Section International Joint 
Commission, 191 1-1912, active in many business, charitable and politi- 
cal organizations. 

Bion L. Nutting of Concord, State Factory Inspector, and formerly 
President of the New Hampshire Federation of Labor, was added by 
vote of the Committee. 

18 • 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 19 

Frank H. Dixon of Hanover, Professor of Economics in Dartmouth 
College, Chief of the Bm-eaii of Railway Economics, also Chairman of 
the Sub-Committee on Industrial Survey, was added by vote of the 
Committee upon the resignation of Professor Person; later resigned 
to enter the service of the Shipping Board. 

James P. Richardson of Hanover, Professor of Political Science in 
Dartmouth College, was added by vote of the Committee upon the 
resignation of Professor Dixon. 

Lester F. Thurber of Nashua, President of The Second National 
Bank of Nashua, President of the White Mountain Freezer Company, 
was added by vote of the Committee, upon the resignation of Mr. 
Carter, 

The Executive Committee held its first meeting on the afternoon 
of March 30, immediately upon adjournment of the meeting of the 
Committee of One Hundred. The Committee at once proceeded 
to frame an outline of the organization of state sub-committees 
to deal with the various topics incident to the preparation of the 
state to assist the Federal Government in the prosecution of the 
war. The Committee met thereafter almost continuously for several 
days, frequently holding two sessions in one day, engaged in per- 
fecting the state organization, and finally succeeded in forming 
fifteen sub-committees. Each sub-committee was composed of men 
whose occupations or professions made them experts in the subject 
to which they were assigned. The following sub-committees were 

formed : 

Chairmen 

Industrial Survey Professor Frank II. Dixon, Hanover 

Finance Lester F. Thurber, Nashua 

Co-ordination of Aid Societies President Ernest M. Hopkins, Hanover 

Aid for Dependents of Soldiers and Sailors . . Montgomery Rollins, Dover 

Recruiting Major Frank Knox, Manchester 

Emergency Help and Equii)menl Louis II. Shattuck, Manchester 

Food Production, Conservation and Distribu- 
tion Huntley N. Spaulding, North Rochester 

Military General Elbert Wheeler, Nashua 

State Protection General Elbert Wheeler, Nashua 

Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation John M. Gile, M. D., Hanover 

Transportation Hovey E. Slayton, Manchester 

Mobilization and Concentration Camps . . . General Jasou E. Tolles, Nashua 

Military Equipment and Supplies Major William Parker Straw, Manchester 

Aviation Thomas R. \'arick, Manchester 

Naval Admiral Joseph B. Murdock, Portsmouth 



20 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

As occasion arose, the following sub-committees or activities were 
also created: 

Speakers' Bureau Edwin F. Jones, Manchester 

Historian Professor R. W. Husband, Hanover 

Research Dean Charles E. Hewitt, Durham 

Four-Minute Men Harry F. Lake, Concord (Later Louis E. 

Shipman, Cornish) 

Americanization General Frank S. Streeter, Concord 

Public Service Reserve Clarence E. Carr, Andover 

Curtailment of Non-War Construction Clarence E. Carr, Andover 

In the meantime a special committee of the Executive Committee 
was appointed to draft a statement of the functions of each of the 
sub-committees. In a general way the functions assigned to the sub- 
committees were based upon those that had already been assigned to 
similar sub-committees in Massachusetts, but with variations corre- 
sponding to the special situation and needs of New Hampshire. The 
total number of names appearing on the list of the various sub-com- 
mittees was two hundred and ninety-nine, made up of residents of all 
parts of the State. 

A chart was then i)rinted showing the relations of all the sub-com- 
mittees, the names and residences of the members and a statement of 
the functions of each sub-committee. This task occupied the atten- 
tion of the Executive Committee until the 5th of April. On the 7th 
of April, at the invitation of the Executive Committee of the Massa- 
chusetts Committee on Public Safety, the members of the New 
Hampshire Executive Committee and the chairmen of the sub- 
committees spent the day at the State House, Boston, in conference 
with the Massachusetts officers. It is interesting to note that the 
members of the Committee, while on their way to Boston, read in 
the morning papers the declaration made by the Congress on April 6 
that a state of war existed between the United States and the Govern- 
ment of Germany. As a result of this conference, the New Hampshire 
Committee succeeded in accomplishing its organization very rapidly 
and thoroughly. On various other occasions the Massachusetts 
Committee was very helpful to the New Hampshire Committee, both 
in matters of organization and in methods of dealing with problems 
that arose. 

The Committee on Public Safety was given headquarters in the 
Committee Room on the third floor of the State House, known as 
Room 156. After a short time it was found that this room was not an 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 21 

adequate office in which to conduct the business of headquarters. 
Immediately upon the adjournment of the Legislature, the Senate 
Chamber and two adjoining small offices were put at the disposal of 
the Committee on Public Safety, while rooms 156 and 157 were given 
over to the work of the sub-committee on Food Production, Conserva- 
tion and Distribution. The sub-committee on Emergency Help and 
Equipment occupied room 158 in the State House, but after a few 
weeks it was necessary that this room be used for other purposes and 
that sub-committee was transferred to a place in the Senate Chamber. 

The organization and conduct of the work at the headquarters was 
placed in charge of Richard W. Husband of Hanover, Professor of the 
Classical Languages in Dartmouth College, and Henry W. Shelton 
of Hanover, Assistant Professor in the Tuck School, was appointed 
Supervisor of Records. The work increased to such an extent that 
Joseph W. Worthen of Concord, lawyer, was appointed Assistant 
Secretarj% and Robert M. Chase, a senior in Dartmouth College, was 
made Assistant in Accounting and Purchasing. 

Mr. Robert Jackson was compelled to resign from the Secretaryship 
owing to his hea\y burdens as Vice-President of the L. H. Shattuck, 
Inc., Shipbuilding Company of Newington, N. H., and R. W. Hus- 
band was appointed Secretary in his place. With this change in per- 
sonnel, the position of Office Manager was abolished and the new 
Secretary assumed the duties of the two offices. 

Upon the completion of the formation of the state sub-committees, 
it was considered expedient that a local Committee on Public Safety 
be established in every town and city of the state. For the purpose 
of getting an organization started, the following letter was sent to the 
selectmen of all towns in the state: 

April 11, 1917. 
To the Selectmen of all Towns: 
Gentlemen: 

The Executive Committee of tlie Committee of One Hundred on Public Safety, 
appointed by Governor Keyes, feels that it is imperative to have in every town in the 
state a local Committee on Public Safety to co-operate with our state organization. 

The magnitude of the work in which we are engaged makes it absolutely necessary 
for us to have at once every assistance possible from every possible source in order to 
accomplish the best results. 

It is vital to the welfare of our state that every citizen be aroused to the situation and 
be impressed with his individual duty to act. To this end we ask that you appoint 
immediately — on receipt of this letter — a local Executive Committee on Public Safety 
(in case this has not already been done in your town) and forward to us the names, 
addresses and telephone numbers of the Chairmen, Secretaries, and Members. 



22 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

If your town has already organized, please send report just the same. Enclosed find 
cards for the purpose, which you should fill out completely. The size of this committee 
is a matter for your own discretion, but we would suggest that a committee of five or 
seven is usually more effective than a larger one. We would also suggest that your 
Executive Committee may increase the membership of the local committee if desired. 

This committee should be chosen from your most prominent, active and responsible 
men — men who are alert and will realize the need of doing something, who will have the 
welfare of the community at heart, and are prepared to make some sacrifice for the 
public good. 

Our Executive Committee recommends that if you have in your town a member of 
the original Committee of One Hundred appointed by Governor Keyes, that man be 
also made a member of your local Executive Committee. 

There is a great deal to be done and your local Committee on Public Safety will 
occupy the same place in relation to your town that our Committee of One Hundred 
occupies in relation to the slate. 

The matter of food supply is causing very grave concern throughout tlic State and 
nation among those who are most familiar with j)re.sent conditions and prospects. As 
the time for planting is almost here, not a minute sliould be wasted. Please have your 
Executive Committee on Public Safety appoint a sub-committee on " Food Production, 
Conservation and Distribution," and also a sub-committee on "State Protection," 
and report the names of these two sub-committees to us on the respective cards enclosed 
in onler tiiat our sub-committees for the same work may get immediately in touch with 
them. Your Executive Committee will likely be called on to appoint other sub- 
committees, but this will be determined by future developments. 

It is probably unnecessary to impress upon you the extreme importance of this work 

to our Stale, or to suggest that nothing else should interfere with a prompt response. 

The enfliiisiasm with which people from all parts of the State are co-operating with us 

leaves no doubt that they are alive to the necessities and determined to do their share. 

The rcsi)on.se has been splendid and most inspiring. 

Awaiting yoiu" reply, 

^ ours for victory, 

(Sig.) John B. Jameson, 

Chairman. 

At the same lime tlie mayor in each of the ten cities of the State 
was commtmicated witli by telephone and requested to appoint a com- 
mittee in his city. Immediate returns from the circuhir letter began 
to arrive at headquarters and within twelve days over 95 per cent of 
the ])oj)ulation was organized to some degree. Enclosed with the 
letter sent to the selectmen on April 11 were three cards to he filled 
out; one to contain the names of the men ap])ointed by the Board of 
Selectmen as members of a local Executive Committee on Public 
Safety, one to contain the names of members of a local Committee 
on Food Production, Conservation and Distribution and one the name 
of a Committee on State Protection. The two last named committees 
were to be appointed by tlie local Executive Committee. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 23 

In order that towns which had not yet formed local committees 
might be stirred up to active participation in the movement, a post 
card was sent to the selectmen of those towns which had not responded. 
The following is a copy of this card : 

STATE OF NEW H.VMPSHIRE 
COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY 

April 17, 1917. 
Gentlemeji: 

On April 11 we sent you a request for the appointment of a local Committee on 
Public Safety, and two sub-committees. So far we have had no response. 

As this plan is of the greatest importance to the State, and as any delay will retard 
our whole work, will you not give this matter your immediate attention.'' 

Chairman of Executive Committee. 

As soon as returns were received from the towns that local Execu- 
tive Committees had been appointed, a circular letter was sent to 
each local chairman giving the reason for the appointment of a local 
committee and then in a general way giving an outline of the work that 
must be accomplished. 

Before the end of April each city in the State had its organization, 
and almost e^'ery town. 

On April 24, a meeting of representatives of the local committees 
throughout the State was held in Representatives' Hall, State House, 
at which over four hundred and fifty members of local committees 
were present. Mr. Jameson, Chairman of the Executive Committee, 
presided, and short addresses were given by the following chairmen 
of the State sub-committees: Mr. Huntley N. Spaulding. Mr. Louis 
H. Shattuck, Gen. Elbert Wheeler, Mr, Montgomery Rollins, Mr. 
Thomas R. Varick, Rear Admiral Joseph B. Murdock, and ]\Ir. 
Richard A. Cooney, Vice-Chairman of the Sub-Commillee on Recruit- 
ing. The formal speech of the day was given by Mr. L. A. Clinton 
of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, who spoke 
particularly of the necessity for a very material increase in food pro- 
duction during the coming season. This was followed by a brief 
statement made by Professor W. C. O'Kane of the New Hampshire 
State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts upon the organization 
and the plans of the Central Food Committee. The meeting was then 
thrown open for discussion, in which many of those present ])artici- 
pated, asking questions for the sake of information from Mr. Felker, 
State Commissioner of Agriculture. The meeting was a great success 
and undoul)tedly was a source of much inspiration to both the state 
sub-committees and the town committees. 



24 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

When the organization of towns was completed there were about 
thirty-five hundred members of the local committees. 

It is to be noted that the New England states were organizing under 
a common impulse, but each somewhat independently. They had 
no connection with any other part of the country, nor with the Federal 
Government. The fundamental idea was that if the Department of 
War, or of the Navy, or any other section of the Government closely 
associated with the making of war, issued a summons for the mobiliza- 
tion of resources, or for a census of man power, or for any other service. 
New Hampshire would be so organized that the State could respond 
at once. Only a short time after the creation of the New Hampshire 
Committee on Public Safety, the Council of National Defense re- 
quested each state to form a body which could be connected with the 
Council in a nation-wide movement. At this point, therefore, it 
becomes advisable to give in outline the structure of the Council of 
National Defense. 

The Council of National Defense was created under an act of Con- 
gress, approved August 29, 1916; and in the same act authority was 
granted for the creation of an Advisory Commission of seven persons 
to act with, under, and by the authority of the Council. (For mem- 
bership and organization see below.) 

By the terms of the act the Council was, among other things, charged 
with the "co-ordination of industries and resources for the national 
security and welfare," and with the "creation of relations which will 
render possible in the time of need the immediate concentration and 
utilization of the resources of the nation." 

In performing its functions the Council was further charged with 
the following duties: 

1. To supervise and direct investigation, and make recommendations to the President 
and heads of executive departments as to 

(a) The location of raihoads with reference to the frontier of the United States, so 
as to render possible expeditious concentration of troops and supplies at points 
of defense. 

(b) The co-ordination of military, industrial and commercial purposes in the location 
of extensive highways and branch lines of railroads. 

(c) The utilization of waterways. 

(d) The mobilization of military and naval resources for defense. 

(e) The increase of domestic production of articles and materials essential to the 
support of armies and of the people dm'ing the interruption of foreign commerce. 

(f) The development of seagoing transportation. 

(g) Data as to amounts, location, method, and means of production and availability 
of military supplies. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 25 

(h) The giving of information to producers and manufacturers as to the class of 
supplies needed by the military and other services of the Government, the re- 
quirements relating thereto, and the creation of relations which will render 
possible in time of need the immediate concentration and utilization of the 
resources of the nation. 

2. To report to the President or to the heads of executive departments upon special 
inquiries or subjects appropriate thereto. 

3. To submit an annual report to Congress, through the President, giving as full a 
statement of the activities of the Council and the agencies subordinate to it as is 
consistent with the public interest, including an itemized account of the expenditiu-es 
made by the Council, or authorized by it, in as full detail as the public interest will 
permit, providing, however, that when deemed proper the President may authorize, 
in amounts stipulated by him, unvoucliered expenditm-es and report the gross so 
authorized not itemized. 

The Council of National Defense was composed as follows : 

Secretary of War Newton D. Baker, Chairman 
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels 
Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane 
Secretary of Agriculture David F. Houston 
Secretary of Commerce William C. Redfield 
Secretary of Labor William B. Wilson 

An Advisory Commission, composed of seven members as follows: 

Daniel Willard, Transportation and Communication 

Howard E. Coffin, Munitions and Manufacturing (including standardi- 
zation) and Industrial Relations 

Julius Rosenwald, Supplies (including clothing), etc. 

Bernard M. Baruch, Raw Materials, Minerals and Metals 

Dr. Hollis Godfrey, Engineering and Education 

Samuel Gompers, Labor (including Conservation of Health and Welfare 
of Workers) 

Dr. Franklin Martin, Medicine and Surgery (including General Sanitation) 

Each member of the Advisory Commission was placed in charge 
of the supply or the manufacture of the materials or equipment relat- 
ing to his own special department. Each member of the Advisory 
Commission divided his large field among several committees, in 
order that every minute detail might be under the direction of men 
experienced in that field. As the business of the management of the 
war became larger and more complicated, certain departments of the 
work of the Council of National Defense were changed from the con- 
trol of the Council of National Defense and placed under the manage- 
ment of especially created Boards, which were oflScial or semi-official. 
Among the most important of these are the War Industries Board; 



26 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

the Munitions Standards Board; the Aircraft Production Board; the 
Commercial Economy Board; the Fuel Administration. In some 
instances the chairmen of the Boards having jurisdiction over specific 
topics were taken over from the Council of National Defense into the 
management of the newly created Boards and in the end the elaborate 
system of the Council became nmch simplified as a result of this lop- 
ping-off process. 

On April 10, 1917, the Secretarv^ of War, who was Chairman of the 
Council of National Defense, wrote to the Governor of every State 
asking that a State Council of Defense be appointed to form a link 
between the residents of tlie State and the Council of National Defense 
with the view of effecting the active participation in some form of 
activity by every citizen of the country. 

The Governor of New Hampshire, on April 16, sent the following 
response to the Secretary of War: 

Concord, N. II., April IG, 1917. 
Hon. Nf.wton D. Baker, 
Secretary of War, 
Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: 

In reply to your recent letter of inquiry, tliere has been organized in this state the 
New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety, corresponding in scope to the State 
Council of Defense, which you snggest, and I will a.sk its chairman, Hon. John B. .lame- 
son, Concord, N. II., to communicate to you information as to its activities and pro- 
cedure. Its purpose is, I know, to co-operate in every possible way with similar organi- 
zations in other states and with the Council of National Defense 

Yours very truly, 

(Sig.) IIenhy W. Keyes, 

Governor. 

On the next day Cliairman Jameson also wrote to the Secretary of 
War the following letter: 

April 17, 1917. 
Hon. Newton D. B.\ker, 
Sccretari/ of ]]'ar. 

Chairman, Council of National Defense, 
Washington, D. C. 
My dear Sir: 

Your letter of April 10th, addressed to Hon. Henry W. Keyes, Governor of New 
Hampshire, has been handed to me for reply. 

Governor Keyes, about two weeks ago, appointed a Committee of One Hundred on 
Public Safet J'. This Committee has organized by the election of officers as indicated in 
the heading of this letter. 

This Committee has appointed various sub-committees, a complete list of which. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 27 

with their functions, is enclosed herewith. All these sub-committees have held meet- 
ings for organization and are very active in carrying on the work assigned to them. 
We are concentrating their work at the present time along the line of food production, 
but every other sub-committee is working. 

We would be glad to co-operate in any way possible that you may suggest. 

Very truly yours, 

(Sig.) John B. Jameson, 

Chairman. 

Thus the New Hampshire Committee on Pubhc Safety, organized 
before the actual outbreak of war, was taken over as a part of the 
national system. As the relation between State and Federal Govern- 
ment assumed its full strength, it appeared that the various divisions 
of the Council of National Defense, various Federal departments and 
many official or voluntary war organizations through the Council of 
National Defense endeavored to bring their message to each state. 
The natural channel was found to be through the State Councils of 
Defense or Committees on Public Safety. The Council of National 
Defense devised a special section, called the "Section on Co-operation 
with States," to act as a clearing house for the messages that were in 
this way being sent to the people of the various states. Later this 
section became known as the State Councils Section. The importance 
of the arrangement thus outlined was soon manifested and its useful- 
ness became greatly increased as the many departments or bodies 
closely or remotely associated with the conduct of war perceived 
through it their opportunity of bringing home their particular 
objects to the people. It was by this channel that the Provost Mar- 
shal General sometimes operated; also the Adjutant General, the 
Department of Agriculture, the Bureau of Education, the Bureau of 
Naturalization, the Department of Justice, the American Red Cross, 
Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., K. of C. Its usefulness was further seen 
in the fact that through it a means was discovered whereby appoint- 
ments in the various states could be made to Federal or vohmtary 
war positions such as Food Administrator, Fuel Administrator, Direc- 
tor Public Service Reserve, Director of the Employment Service, 
Four-Minute Men, Director of Liberty Choruses. 

In the meantime the Woman's Committee of the Council of National 
Defense was carrying on its work somewhat independently. During 
the summer of 1918 it became evident that the work of women and 
that of men could be better correlated and systematized by combining 
the Woman's Committee with the State Councils Section. A new 



28 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

name, the "Field Division of the Council of National Defense," was 
adopted, but unfortunately too close to the time when war was over 
to have the full effect of such amalgamation realized. The function 
of the Woman's Committee was largely that of acting as a clearing 
house between Federal departments and the women of each state. 
This was also the definite function of the State Councils Section of the 
Council of National Defense. For these reasons it was particularly 
appropriate that the two committees should be united. 

The line, therefore, from the Federal Government reached through 
a Federal Department to the Field Division of the Council of National 
Defense, thence to the state Committee on Public Safety, and from 
that Committee to a local Committee on Public Safety, from which 
the message came to each household or resident of the community. 

The letter written by Chairman Jameson to the Secretary of War 
states that all the sub-committees appointed by the Executive Com- 
mittees were already at work. Later developments, however, showed 
that certain of the duties thus assigned might better be undertaken 
under direct control of a federal agency, while others proved to be 
either unnecessary or imi)ossible of accomplishment. 

The immediate result of the appointment of a Federal Food Ad- 
ministrator at Washington was the appointment of a Food Administra- 
tor in each state. His functions related to conservation and distribu- 
tion, but did not touch that of production. The sub-committee in 
New Hampshire, therefore, imdertook the encouragement of food 
production under the auspices of the Committee on Public Safety, 
while it operated in other particulars according to the regulations 
provided by the Federal Food Administrator. For the year 1918, a 
special Emergency Food Production Committee was appointed by the 
Committee on Public Safety, which bore the expenses connected with 
production in botli years. A full account of the work accomplished 
in increasing production of food is contained in the published record 
of the New Hampshire Food Administrator, and is for this reason not 
included here. 

At the outset it was expected that the ('ommittee would find it 
necessary to meet all of its expenses through private subscription. 
The Sub-Committee on Finance accordingly had made plans for a 
campaign to collect funds when the New Hampshire Defense League 
(Frank S. Streeter, President) offered to assume this responsibility. 
By means of vigorous organization and personal effort the League 
collected nearly $40,000.00, over $30,000.00 of which was given to the 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 29 

Committee on Public Safety. "V^^^en this fmid was exhausted the 
State suppHed the needs of the Committee under the authority of an 
act "to provide for the public safety," as approved by the Governor 
on April 19, 1917. Meantime, certain patriotic citizens made con- 
tributions individually and these, when added to the other sources of 
income, met all requirements, imder a process of strict economy. 

The Committee on Aid for Dependents of Soldiers and Sailors had 
just begun its activity when the Legislature passed a bill authorizing 
the appointment of a state committee having the same fmictions. 
The duties assigned to the Sub-Committee on State Protection, it 
was found, were soon assumed by the Federal Department of Justice, 
and thereafter that Department with the co-operation of the Execu- 
tive Committee of the Committee on Public Safety took charge of all 
affairs in the State involving any form of disloyalty. It was soon 
discovered that nothing useful could be accomplished in the State by 
working independently in connection with the matters undertaken 
by the sub-committees on Co-ordination of Aid Societies, Military 
Affairs, Mobilization and Concentration Camps, Military Equipment 
and Supplies, Aviation, or Naval Affairs. 

The work performed by other sub-committees will be treated in this 
sketch with a sufficient degree of fullness to show both their method 
of operation and their actual accomplishment. 



IV 

THE LEGISLATURE 

By great good fortune the Legislature of New Hampshire, which 
assembles only biennially, had been in session for several weeks prior 
to our entrance into the war. The legislators had felt keenly the 
approach of war, and displayed a fine spirit of loyalty to the country 
in the critical and trying days of indecision and gradual abandonment 
of hope that war could be avoided. The feeling, so general in New 
Hampshire, that we should make at least certain obvious preparations 
before being precipitated into a struggle of huge and unknown propor- 
tions, was strongly reflected in the character of the legislation passed 
during that period. 

It is probable that the realization of the imminence of the use of 
armed force was responsible for the bill to provide additional pay for 
all members of the New Hampshire National Guard who had served 
on the Mexican Border. A bill passed shortly thereafter provided for 
the protection of state roads. This may be explained as due to an 
expectation that the highways in the near future might be used for the 
transportation of troops and materials of war. Interference with this 
kind of transportation might be anticipated from attempts already 
manifest in other parts of the country. 

On the same day an act was passed which, because of its later im- 
portance, is here cited in full: 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court Convened: 

Section 1. The governor and the governor and council are directed to render to the 
government of the United States, in the present crisis, any assistance within the power 
of the state; and they are authorized eitlier to that end or for the purpose of providing 
for the pubHc safely, to organize and employ any and all resources wittiin the state, 
whether of men, properties or instrumentalities, and to exercise any and all power con- 
venient or necessary in their judgment. 

Sect. 2. It shall be the duty of every public official in the state to furnish to the 
governor or to the governor and council such information and assistance as he or they 
may require in the execution of this act. 

Sect. 3. The governor, with the advice and consent of the council, is hereby author- 
ized to draw his warrant upon any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated and 
the state treasurer is hereby authorized, under the direction of the governor and council, 
to borrow upon the credit of the state such further sums, not exceeding in all one million 
dollars, as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this act, and for that purpose 

30 -' 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 31 

may issue bonds or notes in the name and on behalf of the state, at the lowest rate of 
interest obtainable, in such form and in such denominations and on such time as the 
governor and council may determine. 

This bill was approved by the Governor on March 27, 1917, in a 
form which provided for the use of a sum not to exceed five hundred 
thousand dollars. A little later the Legislature amended the bill 
increasing this sum to one million dollars, and in that form it was 
approved by the Governor on April 19. The importance of the act 
may be realized from the fact that, from the powers thus conferred on 
the Governor and from the fund thus created, the financing of the 
State Guard was made possible, the Governor was enabled to increase 
his force as made necessary by the great volume of work due to 
the business of war, and the Committee on Public Safety derived 
more than half of the money expended by it during the period of its 
existence. 

Provision was also made whereby any or all armories owned by the 
state might become available "to organized bodies of the citizenry of 
this state for the purpose of military drill and instruction." By the 
same act cities and towTis were "authorized to include military drill 
and physical exercises in the courses of instruction provided by them 
in the public schools." In accordance with the permission thereby 
granted, companies were formed in several of the larger high schools in 
the state. 

The first section of an act concerning the militia reads as follows: 
"All male citizens and all male residents of this state who have or 
shall have declared their intention to become citizens of the United 
States, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, not exem|)ted 
by law, shall be subject to military duty and designated as the militia." 
It is interesting to note that registration by this act included precisely 
the ages adopted by Act of Congress in its second Selective Service 
Act, passed fifteen months after the entrance of the United States into 
war. Under this act the organized militia, known as the National 
Guard, is treated as a part of the permanent military establishment, 
while the unorganized militia was to be called into service as needed, 
upon order issued by the Governor. Such service was to be conditioned 
upon "war, invasion, rebellion or riot or reasonable apprehension 
thereof." No provision was made in the act for the training of this 
portion of the militia. Apart from the thorough organization of the 
National Guard, the chief immediate value of the act consisted in the 
granting of power to the Governor to make use of the man-power of 



32 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

the state in case of emergency. Happily it has not been necessary to 
put this authority into operation during the war against the Central 
Powers. Of more permanent value is the registration of man-power 
as actually carried out and filed in the office of the Adjutant-General. 
Since a new registration is to be conducted annually of those who reach 
the age of enrollment, there will at all times be filed a complete record 
of the available military force of the State. It is expected that this 
will be valuable in many ways not connected with military necessity. 

The laws passed before April 6, 1917, have been treated somewhat 
fully, since they indicate very distinctly the high patriotism of the 
State Legislature, and prove that, in the view of the lawmakers, fore- 
thought would tend to assure success or to mitigate the severity of the 
effects of a condition of warfare. The laws inspired by the actual 
beginning of hostilities were not less important, but may be mentioned 
more briefly. In New Hampshire, as in other states, provision was 
made for a State Guard, composed of those who were exempt from 
national military service. A bill was passed to supplement the federal 
pay of private soldiers in order that it would reach a total of thirty 
dollars a month, but this law became inoperative when the pay of all 
ranks was increased nationally. 

One of the most beneficial acts of the Legislature created a Com- 
mittee on Aid to Dependents of Soldiers and Sailors. Since this law 
was in operation about nine months before the American Red Cross 
had fully organized its Home Service work, the Committee was for 
this period the sole agent for relie\ang the distress of those dependent 
upon absent members of the families. The law was perhaps unduly 
strict in requiring that the person requesting financial assistance must 
have been "wholly" dependent on the man in the service. It was, 
nevertheless, extremely useful throughout the whole course of the war. 
The same humanitarian instinct was manifest in the act to provide a 
home for soldiers or sailors suffering total disability. It is yet too 
early to estimate the usefulness of this measure, but it seems probable 
that it will be less necessary than was feared, owing to the opportunity 
for re-training offered by the Federal Board for Vocational Education. 

For protection against designing alien enemies or disloyal persons, 
an act was passed to punish those found guilty of malicious or wilful 
injuries to buildings or property of the state or of any city or town 
within the state, or to manufacturing plants or places of storage, or 
to bridges, dams, property of light, power, telegraph or telephone 
companies, or to the water supply, or to other property of public use- 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 33 

fulness. To insure effective protection, the powers of armed guards 
were greatly increased. The Governor was granted power to demand 
by proclamation information concerning aliens within the state, and 
to require all aliens to register. All of these acts later became un- 
necessary through the passage of the federal Espionage Act. An act 
to regulate the sale, possession and use of explosives and firearms 
remained useful, even after the Federal Government had legislated 
upon the same topic. 

A final series of measures dealt with the preservation of good 
economic conditions in the state or with maintaining a steady supply 
of war material to the national forces. The law relating to the pro- 
hibition of coercion of labor during time of war or invasion, and of 
instigation of strike or lockout, was drastic, and happily conditions did 
not at any time warrant its application. For the same purpose it was 
enacted that, upon request of the Council of National Defense, the 
Governor might suspend the operation of the labor laws of the state. 
This law also was never invoked, largely because the incessant demand 
for increased production was met by lengthening the hours of labor 
with additional pay for overtime work. The criticism of this law in 
some quarters was not justified. A bill tending in the opposite direc- 
tion was passed, protecting women and minors against an excessive 
number of hours of labor in factories. 

The whole accomplishment of this Legislature in the interest of 
enabling the state to assist the nation in carrying on the war was ex- 
tremely creditable, and reflects in a high degree the loyalty of the 
lawmakers, and their close observation of the dangers which should 
carefully be avoided during a severe strain and crisis. 



KEEPING IN TOUCH WITH THE TOWNS 

The work of securing a local organization in each city and town in 
the state was undertaken on April 11, and within twelve days organi- 
zations had been formed embracing 95 per cent of the inhabitants of 
tlie state. In all but a few towns, there were now local Executive 
Committees, and, in the great majority, there were Committees on 
Food Production, and on State Protection. 

The first important movement designed to show to the people of 
the state the great seriousness with which the preparation of New 
Hampshire for engaging in war must be regarded took the form of a 
meeting held in Representatives' Hall, State House, Concord, at 11 
A. M., on April 24. To this meeting members of local committees 
from every portion of the state were invited. A brief account of the 
meeting is given in an earlier chapter. 

Two days after this meeting, a letter was sent to the chairmen of 
local committees, showing them that the work of arousing the towns 
to a realization of the seriousness of the war, and of its probable 
effects upon local conditions, rested with the chairman in each case. 
These chairmen were urged to assist the Committee on Food Produc- 
tion to the best of their ability, inasmuch as that was the most imme- 
diately pressing prol)lem. 

At the same time, posters were sent to each town, of which the 
one on the opposite page is a copy. 

This was followed by a letter on May 2, still stronger in its expres- 
sion, stating clearly that there must be immediate co-operation by all 
the local committees in an increase in crops. It was felt that at this 
period of the year the best service that could be rendered by the 
Executive Committee of the Committee on Public Safety was that of 
urging everybody to put aside other war measures and concentrate 
upon the problem of food. 

Meanwhile, reports kept coming to headquarters that there were 
foreigners, particularly alien enemies, in the State, who were looked 
upon with suspicion by the citizens. About the same time, many 
reports were in circulation that airplanes were flying here and there 
over the state, and that there was suspicion that wireless stations had 

34 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 35 



COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY STATE HOUSE, CONCORD, N. H. 

PEOPLE OF 
NEW HAMPSHIRE 

WAKE UP! WE ARE AT WAR! WAKE UP I 

We are unprepared. The greatest danger lies in the indifference of our citizens. We 

must get ready for the worst and DO IT NOW. We may be called upon 

for as great sacriBces as the people of Europe. 

GET READY 
IT IS BETTER TO BE SAFE THAN SORRY 

This means you — yoiu- family — and your friends. Every man, woman and child in 

New Hampshire 

CAN AND MUST DO SOMETHING 

The Responsibility is Yours The Need Is Great 

The Time Is Noio 

Our Committee is working gratuitously for you, not for itself. Every city and town 

in the State has, or soon will have a local committee on Public 

Safety through which organized work should be done. 

WE URGE 

Assistance to alx, Recruiting Efforts in your locality. Those men disqualified 
to serve in the National Guard should take an interest in the Home Guard. 

Immediate Attention to the very important question of Food Supply. The situa- 
tion is serious. Work with your local committee. 

Economy in all Directions. 

Promptness in Recognizing and Reporting Suspicious or Disloyal Actions 
to your local authorities or to us and considerate treatment of aliens as long as they 
behave themselves. 

Helping Your Local Committee on Public Safety in Every Way. 

Committee of 100 on Public Safety. 

Appointed by Governor Keyes. 
John B. Jameson, Chairman. 



36 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

been established in somewhat inaccessible localities. It seemed clear 
that the people of the state were becoming somewhat nervous, and 
possibly even hysterical; so that, on May 4, it was deemed necessary 
to send a letter to the local Committees on State Protection in the 
effort to show them just what attitude they should adopt toward alien 
enemies, and particularly toward the question of protecting private 
property and vulnerable points where damage might most easily be 
done by an enemy. The letter contained the following paragraph 
from the Proclamation of War by President Wilson: 

"All alien enemies are enjoined to preserve the peace towards the United States; 
and to refrain from crime against the public safety and from violating the laws of the 
United States and of the states and territories thereof; and to refrain from actual 
hostility or giving information, aid or comfort to the enemies of the United States; and 
to comply strictly with the regulations which are hereby or which may be from time to 
time promulgated by the President; and so long as tliey shall conduct themselves in 
accordance with law they shall be undisturbed in the peaceful pursuit of their lives and 
occupations; and be accorded the consideration due to all peaceful and law-abiding 
persons, except so far as restrictions may be necessary for their own protection and for 
the safety of the United States; and toward such alien enemies as conduct themselves 
in accordance with law, all citizens of the United States are enjoined to preserve the 
peace and to treat them with all such friendliness as may be compatible with loyalty 
and allegiance to the United States." 

The next topic of importance with which the local committees were 
vitally concerned was that relating to Registration Day. The Execu- 
tive Committee urged towns to make that day a semi-holiday in 
accordance with the desire of the Federal Government. The Depart- 
ment of War had urged that a very considerable celebration be planned, 
and the Committee on Public Safety believed with the Secretary of 
War that it was highly desirable that some form of program should 
be carried out in every community. The towns were advised to make 
for themselves a form of celebration that would be proper, and sug- 
gested the following as a basis upon which they might act: 

"1. The local Committee on Public Safety, together with city or town officials, 
should constitute a committee to formulate and carry out a program. 

"2. The United States Chamber of Commerce recommends that there be a parade 
on that day wherever possible: The participants in the parade on that day may be boy 
scouts, school children, organizations such as labor, or fraternal. The parade should 
be accompanied by a band, if there is one in the town. «* 

"3. After the parade, or in the evening, when the registration is successfully pro- 
gressing, a rally could be held, at which speakers would show that registration and its 
consequences are but the performance of duties involved in citizenship. Here is the 
opportunity to stimulate patriotic sentiment, to arouse the community to a high sense 
of its responsibility, and to emphasize its participation in a noble enterprise which it 
shares on that day with all other communities of the Nation." 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 37 

The rules regarding the selective draft were very unclear in the 
minds of the citizens, especially on the two subjects of who were sub- 
ject to draft and the formalities of actual registration. An abstract 
of the book of regulations, send out by the Federal Government, was 
made and distributed in every town in the state. 

The next definite task assigned to the local committees was one 
which had been submitted to each state by the Council of National 
Defense, On May 9, each local executive committee was asked to 
inform the office at headquarters as to the number of retail grocery 
stores in New Hampshire, and the number of delivery wagons and 
motor trucks operated by grocery stores. The response to this letter 
showed that there were approximately 1136 grocery stores; 791 horse 
drawn vehicles; and 302 motor delivery trucks, in use in the state. 
When the Council of National Defense had received information from 
all the states in the union upon this topic, the Council earnestly re- 
quested each Committee on Public Safety, and each State Council of 
Defense, to urge upon the grocers that the number of deliveries per 
week be greatly reduced. They based this request upon their investi- 
gation as to the cost of delivering goods, and expressed the result of 
their investigation in the following words: 

"In ordinary retail grocery stores tlie common figure for delivery expense is three 
per cent of the net sales. In the stores selling fancy groceries, and therefore catering 
to a class of trade requiring more expensive service, the delivery expense is even higher. 

"Our figures show that in department stores the total delivery expense, including 
every step from the time the package is wrapped up until it reaches the customer, ranges 
from one per cent to five and six-tenths per cent of the sales. The average figures for 
department stores in large cities is about four per cent. The cost of delivery in depart- 
ment stores and large specialty stores ranges from eight cents to twenty-five cents a 
package. 

"To a great extent, however, the stores themselves are at fault for the large number 
of small packages delivered; they have not sought to encourage customers to take 
packages with them, nor have they properly endeavored to facilitate the rapid serving 
of customers." 

At the same time, the Council requested that retail stores of all 
kinds take under serious consideration the question of allowing goods, 
once taken from the store on approval, to be returned. It was shown 
that the privilege of returning goods added very materially to the cost 
of goods through the additional delivery, the wrapping of parcels, and 
the somewhat frequent deterioration in the goods thus allowed to be 
taken from the stores. 

One further recommendation made by the Council of National 



38 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

Defense was that wholesale bakers should discontinue the practice of 
permitting retail merchants to return unsold bread. It had been dis- 
covered that a very considerable percentage of the bread that was 
being baked throughout the country was not sold by the retailer and 
was ordinarily wasted. The manufacturers in such cases permitted 
the retailers to return such bread to them. This wasteful practice, it 
was felt, could be obviated, provided the merchant were to examine 
more carefully than had been his custom to find out exactly the state 
of his trade, and send orders to the manufacturers for only those 
amounts which he was reasonably sure he could dispose of. 

The results of this whole movement were at first somewhat un- 
noticed but later the full effect began to be seen when the necessity 
for economy became evident in all respects. The grocery concerns of 
necessity diminished the number of their deliveries, inasmuch as it 
was impossible to find the necessary labor. Apart from this, however, 
the people of the state gradually discovered the true meaning of the 
proposals made and gladly refrained from asking that deliveries of 
goods be made to them. Thereafter, until the end of the war goods 
of all kinds were commonly carried home by the purchasers. The 
exact results of the move against the return of unsold bread are hard 
to estimate inasmuch as flour was scarce during all the remaining 
months of the war, but it is reasonable to assume that at least a 
portion of the amount shipped abroad may have been saved through 
the discontinuance of this practice. 

The Executive Committee passed the following vote on May 14: 
"Besolved, that it is the sense of this Committee that the use of fireworks on July 4 
be discouraged." 

On the next day the Committee sent a letter to the local committees 
in the state giving the reasons for this action by the Executive Com- 
mittee and urging the local committees to do their utmost to prevent 
the use of fireworks on July 4 of that year. The following paragraphs 
occurred in the letter: 

" For several years there has been a constantly increasing demand for a ' safe and sane ' 
Fourth of July. In a time of national peril the arguments gain immeasurably greater 
force, for then, especially, it is necessary to avoid extravagance and to safeguard human 
life. Every ounce of powder and explosives is required for the war, and their imneces- 
sary use lessens our chances of victory. 

"We earnestly beg oiu" executive committees, and our Committee on State Pro- 
tection, to do everything in their power to induce merchants not to handle fireworks 
this season, and to persuade citizens not to piu"chase nor use fireworks or explosives. 

"Since the legislature is no longer in session, it is impossible to have laws passed at 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 39 

present against the sale or use of fireworks. We are, therefore, dependent on public 
sentiment and the active work of our local committees to reduce this unecessary and 
dangerous practice to a minimum." 

The recommendation of the committee met with some protest on the 
part of merchants who had already laid in their stock of fireworks, but 
the most pronounced protest came from one of the manufacturers who 
denounced the committee most heartily on the ground that it was 
interfering with legitimate business in an unwarranted manner. This 
protest, however, passed unnoticed and the use of fireworks almost 
totally disappeared. The same resolution was passed in the summer 
of 1918 relating to the use of fireworks on the Fourth of July of that 
year and this time there was no protest. It is probably even more 
safe to say that there was very slight manufacturing of fireworks 
throughout the country, so that the day passed in absolute quietness. 

The next subject of importance referred to the town committees 
had to do with tramps. Reports came frequently to headquarters 
that there were an unusual number of tramps going about the state. 
It was decided to warn the local committees that the tramp law of 
New Hampshire was unusually strict and that it should be enforced 
on the ground that this was no year in which loafers should be toler- 
ated or in which food could be wasted in case food were given to 
tramps. Along with this letter a copy of the tramp law of New Hamp- 
shire was forwarded to the towns. 

Even at this time, the Committee became aware that two months 
after war had been declared there were still many people who felt 
that the call to activity and to sacrifice made by the Committees on 
Public Safety, and by the Government, were unnecessary. It was 
felt keenly that many persons were not doing their utmost, either in 
work or contributions or in active sympathy, to further the cause of 
war. This condition called forth from the Chairman of the Execu- 
tive Committee a rousing letter on the general subject of slackers, 
which is here given in full : 

FORWARD 

Our sailors are already abroad, fighting for the cause of world freedom, our soldiers 
will soon follow. 

President Wilson says: "America has now the opportunity to show all the world 
what it means to have been a democracy for one hundred forty-five years, and to mean 
every bit of the creed which we have so long professed." 

The vast resources of oiu Country are being rapidly mobilized, not alone men, muni- 
tions, ships and supplies, but also labor, food, fuel, relief and scores of other items indis- 
pensable to carrying on the war. 



40 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

The eyes and the hopes of the whole world are on us, and the future of civilization 
itself depends upon our work. 

If Germany wins the war we shall have "German civilization" in America. 

WE CANNOT FAIL 

New Hampshire must and will do her part. This will involve sacrifices, but we should 
be glad of the opportunity to serve. 

The question now is whether we will fight for ourselves, or whether we will ignomin- 
iously ask others to fight for us. This is no time for slackers. 

WHO IS A SLACKER? 

The man who refuses to do his full part in the great struggle ahead of us, whether on 
the farm, in the factory or on the firing line. 

The man who refuses to work — somewhere or somehow — whether he be one of the 
"idle rich" whom necessity does not call, or whether he be the "corner loafer" who 
spends his time idling about town — a public nuisance. 

The man, frequently of good intent, who is still mentally asleep and complacently 
chewing his cud of security, although the gravest of dangers confronts his country, his 
family and himself. 

The man who is wasteful or extravagant, whether at home, or on the farm, or in the 
shop, or in the office. 

The man who is now raising the price of his potatoes, or flour or any other necessity, 
in order to take advantage of his neighbor's greatest need. 

The man who realizes that conditions are serious, but thinks he should be exempt 
and "some one else "called. 

The pathetic liltle fellow who feels personally called ui)on to run the war from his 
own doorstep, and therefore with no knowledge of his own, takes every opportunity to 
criticize or condemn the work of those on whom the official responsibility rests, but who 
does nothing whatever himself. 

Women can be slackers also. 

HOW TO "GET" SLACKERS 

Arouse public sentiment against these "near-Germans" to such an extent that even 
a mild slacker will be ashamed of himself and get to work. 

Appeal to their patriotism first. 

If this doesn't work, ridicule them and make them uncomfortable. 

Keep after them until they realize that there is no half-way ground for a real 
American. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE "EXPECTS EVERY MAN TO DO HIS DUTY" 

Committee on Public S.\fety, 

(Sig.) John B. Jameson, 

Chairman. 

This letter was followed, a week later, by another that was composed 
upon somewhat similar lines, showing the reason for the opinions 
expressed in the earlier letter. The following extracts will illustrate 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 41 

the means adopted to bring to the full consciousness of the people the 
gravity of the military situation of the United States : 

'"It is a fight for our own life and the defense of the Country.' 

"The above are the words of Gen. Clarence R. Edwards, Commander of the Depart- 
ment of the Northeast, at Boston last night. 

"It is even more than that. This war — our war — will determine, perhaps for cen- 
turies, whether mankind will be free or slave. WTiether 'German civilization,' with 
its attendant subjugation of all the rights of the individual, will govern the world 
or whether the people will rule themselves. 

"Our Country will be the deciding factor in this great question of the ages. When 
England and France have passed their maximum power, which will happen before long, 
the United States must beat Germany, or be beaten by her. Our future freedom and 
happiness depends on how we accept the great responsibility placed upon us. 

"The full enormitj' of the peril is not yet realized by our citizens. Too many are 
still complacently ignoring the fact that we are in the war, and too many are foolishly 
hoping for 'something to happen' to end the terrible conflict. Nothing will happen 
unless we make it happen, and this means that every person, from the greatest to the 
least, must take part with all his might." 

One of the serious questions that confronted local committees, and 
many individuals, was that of guarding property. It usually hap- 
pened that owners of private property, that seemed at all subject to 
injury by enemies, desired to have their property protected by a mili- 
tary guard furnished by the state. Letters and telephone messages 
came frequently to headquarters, asking that the State furnish de- 
tachments of the National Guard for service on bridges, dams, fac- 
tories, and other places where injuries might be very disastrous. The 
reply had to be made that there was no force available under state 
control that could furnish guards for private property. The explana- 
tion was that the National Guard had already been Federalized and 
was, therefore, not under state control. The only body of men that 
could receive orders from the State Government was the State Guard. 
This body was being formed by a specially appointed Military Emer- 
gency Board, which had sought in vain to secure uniforms and rifles 
for the men who had enrolled. For this reason, it was impossible to 
accede to the request of those who were anxious to have their property 
guarded, and the advice was given that the selectmen of each town 
appoint a sufficient number of special police to undertake guard duty 
where it was desirable, or that the owners of property appoint their 
own. 

In a letter sent to the towns June 5, the sections of the statutes re- 
lating to armed guards were quoted, and the towns were urged to 
endeavor to solve their difficulties in their own way. 



42 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

Meanwhile, from time to time, short documents were prepared and 
scattered throughout the state, calculated to give the inhabitants of 
the state some idea of the hugeness of the task of carrying on the war, 
and of the feelings and beliefs that inspired the Germans in the present 
contest. For example, extracts from speeches made by the Kaiser 
were printed, and thousands of copies were sent to various citizens. 
Also, certain statements made by influential Germans were quoted in a 
separate list and sent throughout the State. These latter were taken 
from the collection made by William Archer, and called "501 Gems 
(?) of German Thought." 

Early in the autumn of 1917 complaints were frequently made to 
the committee that the farmers of the state found it practically im- 
possible to take care of the sheep which the Department of Agriculture, 
backed by the committee, was recommending all owners of pasture 
land to keep. It was found that the excessive number of dogs through- 
out the state imperiled the lives of the sheep and frequently decimated 
the flocks. A warning was sent to all towns and cities of the state 
that dogs should not be allowed to run at large and this recommenda- 
tion was received favorably and no further complaint on that score 
was heard. 

During the same summer the Committee on Public Information of 
Washington formed an organization called "four-minute men," whose 
function was to address groups or assemblies of persons on some topic 
of immediate interest and to occupy not more than four minutes in 
telling the story. The Committee on Public Information sent a re- 
quest to the Committee on Public Safety tliat such an organization be 
formed in New Hampshire and that the persons connected with the 
organization should appear when occasion arose in all moving picture 
establishments and other places. Upon receipt of recommendations 
from Washington outlines of speeches to occupy four minutes were 
sent to all who joined the organization. Thereafter, in almost all the 
moving picture theaters in New Hampshire four-minute speeches were 
frequently given. Somewhat later the movement extended until four- 
minute men began to appear at meetings of the Grange and other 
similar assemblies. 

In October, 1917, a request was made by the Committee on Public 
Safety that each town should appoint a local historian who should 
undertake to make records for preservation by the state and for deposit 
in the town library, covering all the activities of the town during the 
period of the war. A local historian was also requested to make a 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 43 

service record of all members of the army or navy. The work of the 
Local Historians, as they came to be called, formed the basis of the 
work of the State War Historian. 

In November of the same year a pamphlet called "Pleasure as 
Usual" was issued as a supplement to the series of talks prepared by 
Professor Dixon under the title of "War Is the Nation's Business," 
The new pamphlet urged most strongly that purchases of goods be 
restricted to absolute necessities on the ground that the call for luxuries 
created an "increasing demand" while there was in the country "rela- 
tively diminishing output," since so many establishments were turn- 
ing to the manufacture of absolute necessities or war materials, and 
inasmuch as this transfer could not possibly be avoided it seemed un- 
reasonable that private persons should continue the search for unneces- 
sary articles. The pamphlet mentioned especially the running of au- 
tomobiles for pleasure, the purchase of gownas, serving of elaborate 
dinners, together with several other matters wherein either simplifica- 
tion of life or the absolute refusal to indulge in such luxuries would be 
beneficial. 

Early in December occurred the explosion at Halifax which created 
fearful hardship and distress. The committee immediately sent a 
most urgent appeal to its local committees for contributions to relieve 
the suffering of the stricken city and the request was accompanied by a 
very strong proclamation issued by Governor Keyes, in which he took 
account of the generous instincts of the people of New Hampshire to- 
gether with the comfort which they then enjoyed in contrast with the 
death and privation which suddenly overwhelmed the city of Halifax. 
The people responded promptly and generously and the funds col- 
lected were immediately dispatched by Governor Keyes to aid in the 
mission of mercy which had been undertaken under the auspices of the 
Red Cross organization of Boston. 

In the early spring of the year 1918, just prior to the time at which 
the town meetings were to occur, the chairman of the committee sent 
a rousing letter to each town and addressed to the citizens of New 
Hampshire, requesting the moderator at each town meeting to have 
the letter read when the citizens were assembled. The report came 
back after the meetings were held stating that in all cases the letter 
was read in full and created a marked impression. 

The following extracts will give some idea of the aims and nature of 
this document: 



44 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

"Germany is winning this war. Let us not deceive ourselves — up to the present 
time Germany is the victor; Germany, the wild beast among the nations, that after 
40 years of deliberate and cunning preparation, burst forth upon the peaceful world 
intent upon its subjugation by means so atrocious and barbarities so horrible as to be 
almost past belief." 

"The supreme question now is, shall mankind be permitted to enjoy the God-given 
freedom of this world; shall we be allowed the free enjoyment of life and friendly inter- 
course with our fellow men; or shall we allow ourselves and the generations to come to 
be subjugated by that bloodthirsty nation whose philosophy is that might alone makes 
right, and whose only answer to the appeals for human justice and right is the mailed 
fist and the dripping sword." 

"We must win, and we will win if the people of this land do their full duty, — if you 
men do your duty. This war is your war. Wliat right have we to freedom unless we 
are willing to sacrifice for it? What right have we to ask the boys of this country, of 
this town, to imperil their lives for oiu- freedom and happiness unless we back them up 
at home? They are going across by the hundreds of thousands to the battle fields of 
Europe for you. Our allies have been fighting om- battles over there since the war 
began. They are nearly exhausted and anxiously awaiting relief from us. If we fail, 
the cause of liberty is lost." 

"Economize; save food, save clothing, save money. We must feed and arm and 
supply our soldiers. We must feed our allies. They are fighting for and with us. The 
Food Administrator knows what is needed and his orders must be obeyed. Restrictive 
measiues are for our own good. 

"Buy Liberty Bonds and War Savings Stamps. 

"The money you thus loan the Government will help win the war, and there is no 
safer investment on earth. 

" Give to the Red Cross, Red Triangle and other authorized war efforts to the limit. 

"Raise food and still more food. The cost is of secondary importance. Remember 
that people must eat to live and will pay the necessary price for food. 

"Men on the farms! Plow every furrow with the thougiit that you are plowing 
through the Kaiser. 

"Men in factories! Strike every blow with the thought that you are hammering 
at the Kaiser." 

To accompany this letter was one which was written by Governor 
Keyes to the same purpose and showing such splendid appreciation of 
the feeling of the state that it is worth while to quote in full: 

Concord, N. IL, March 6, 1918. 
To the Moderator of the Town Meeting: 

The one great question before every American citizen today is the winning of the 
world war. ^\Tiat we can do to that end, at home as well as abroad, should be the 
subject of oiir constant and thoughtful consideration. A valuable opportunity for 
such consideration will be given by our annual town meetings on March 12; and it 
seems to me very desirable that this opportunity be improved universally and system- 
atically. Therefore I ask the moderator of every town meeting in New Hampshire to 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 45 

suspend the business of the meeting for fifteen minutes, or more, beginning at 11 
o'clock in the forenoon, and to devote this period of time to thought and speech con- 
cerning the war. The State Committee on Public Safety sends herewith a message to 
the people of the State on this subject, which I ask you to read or have read at the time 
designated, and which will furnish the text for patriotic addresses by your own people 
to such extent as you may think best. 

I believe the result will be to arouse New Hampshire in an even greater degree to 
the vital importance of patriotic thought, speech and action by every man, woman and 
child within the limits of our state. New Hampshire has responded nobly to every 
war demand thus far made upon her. But she must do much more, must give much 
more, with cheerful and courageous determination, before victory finally and certainly 
comes. That time-honored institution of self-government, the New England tov.Ti 
meeting, is a most fitting occasion upon which to pledge ourselves anew to the cause 
of world freedom. I ask you to see that in your town this is done. 

Henry W. Keyes, 

Governor. 

On IMay 9, 1918, a nicst enthusiastic war conference was held in the 
Auditorium at Concord at which members of local committees from 
all parts of the state were urged to be present. The meeting was 
addressed by Major Rulledge Smith, of the Council of National 
Defense, Mr. Arthur Beston, representing the Committee on Pubhc In- 
formation, Mr. Frederick C. Walcott, of the Federal Food Administra- 
tion, and Major Laughlin Maclean Watt, of the Gordon Highlanders. 
The Auditorium was filled with representatives of the committees who 
had assembled in Concord eager to hear the message which was 
brought to them from the center of activity in the country. The 
speeches given at the three sessions held that day were most impressive 
and had a tremendous influence upon the spirit of the people for the 
remaining months of the war. Immediately, towns and cities were 
urged to follow up the impression created by the state conference by 
means of local conferences under the direction of the Committee's 
Speaker's Bureau. Many who had been present at the state confer- 
ence volunteered to address local meetings. Large numbers of meet- 
ings were held to the great advantage of those who had not been 
privileged to attend the state conference itself. 

A short time later, a message was received from the Council of Na- 
tional Defense asking in behalf of the Alien Property Custodian that 
an effort be made to locate all property of alien enemies within the 
Hmits of the state. The local committees undertook to perform this 
service and did so with remarkable thoroughness. The results of the 
investigations conducted by the local committees were fon^-arded to 
the Alien Property Custodian and it is interesting to know that by the 



46 NEW HAMPSHffiE COMMITTEE 

time the investigation was undertaken there was comparatively little 
property in the state held by alien enemies. Many such aliens had 
disappeared prior to the beginning of the war and had disposed of their 
property. Only here and there, usually in the cities, was there any 
trace left of real estate still held by their former owners. 

In addition to matters which were conveyed to the local committees 
on the sole authority of the State Committee on Public Safety or the 
semi-unofficial Council of National Defense there was ample oppor- 
tunity throughout the course of the war for a close co-operation with 
federal and state agencies. 

The Secretary of War requested the Committee on Public Safety to 
place its local organizations at the disposal of draft boards in the 
autumn of 1917 in order to help the boards make up the records desired 
by the Department of War at the close of the first draft of 687,000 men. 
Soon thereafter the Navy Department requested gifts of binoculars, 
spy glasses, etc., for use in the navy. This request was forwarded 
owing to the fact that few lenses had been made in the United States 
prior to that time and the demand for them was then unusually great. 

The Treasury Department requested the Committee on Public 
Safety to give its assistance to the state Liberty Loan Committees. 
Representatives of the Liberty Loan Committee requested the Com- 
mittee on Public Safety to co-operate with them in securing the largest 
possible subscription to the first Liberty Loan in New Hampshire. 
The committee sent out about 4000 copies of a letter describing the 
Liberty Loan and the terms of payment, urging also advantages secured 
by subscription to the bonds as well as the fact that it was a national 
duty that all should subscribe to the loan. A letter was sent to clergy- 
men of all denominations asking them to direct the attention of their 
parishioners to the subject. It was urged that clergymen do this in 
their Sunday service, if possible, and in any other way they might 
think feasible. The committee assisted the Liberty Loan Committee 
to district the state in such a way that every town might have easy 
access to a bank where the business of subscribing to the bonds and 
making deposits might be centered. With each successive loan the 
committee gave its assistance in every way in which the request for 
assistance was made. 

The Treasury Department also requested that the attention of all 
families of soldiers and sailors should be brought to the fact that the 
War Risk Insurance Bureau offered soldiers and sailors the best form of 
life insurance which they could possibly obtain. It seemed advisable 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 47 

that the men should know as much about this insurance as they could 
before they were taken into camp and it was also felt that it would be 
highly desirable that the families of soldiers and sailors should urge 
the boys to take out such insurance. The information upon this sub- 
ject was coupled with information regarding allotment and allowance 
to families, on the ground that the financial matters which would soon 
become of importance to the soldier or sailor should be known while he 
was still a civilian in order that all concerned might discuss the mat- 
ter in common. One further request came from the Treasury Depart- 
ment, viz., that the committee should give what aid it could to the 
campaign for the sale of War Savings Stamps. The committee sent 
circulars to all cities and towns describing the method by which the 
stamps miglit be purchased and then exchanged for War Savings Cer- 
tificates. The local committees assisted in the appointment of repre- 
sentatives of the State War Savings Director and thereafter gave what 
help they could in furthering the sale of stamps. 

The Provost Marshal General asked the aid of the Committee on 
Public Safety toward the enforcement of the " work or fight " rule which 
he promulgated in the summer of 1918. At this time there was little 
necessity for anything beyond the mere published desire of the Provost 
Marshal General, for the people had reached a point where they were 
willing to act in accordance with any rule which obviously was intended 
to bring about a condition of greater productivity and universality in 
the prosecution of the war. About the same time, the Adjutant Gen- 
eral of the Army urged the Committee on Public Safety to put forth 
their best effort in the detection of deserters from the army. The 
request came in this manner for the reason that many men who were 
classed as deserters had not deliberately abandoned their duty but 
rather had overstayed their leave of absence without a realization of 
the seriousness of their offense. On this account it was realized that it 
would be extremely unfortunate if the full penalty of the army regula- 
tions should be put into effect against such men. Moderation was to 
be shown and therefore a civilian body like the Committee on Public 
Safety was urged to use its best effort to induce those absent without 
leave to return to their duty as soon as possible. 

The Federal Department of Labor in instituting its employment 
service asked for the help of the Committee on Public Safety, and in 
September, 1918 a conference was held in Concord of representatives 
of the local committees as well as of others in the state who would be 
interested in the formation of an organization whereby problems con- 



48 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

nected with the scarcity of hibor might be discussed and decisions 
reached for the adjustment of the difficulties. In December of 1918 
the committee united with the Federal Director of the Employment 
Service for New Hampshire in devising a method whereby community 
boards might be established for the purpose of adjusting all matters 
relative to the scarcity of labor in their sections. The chief purpose 
at this moment was to see to it that the most essential industries were 
supplied with labor, even if those less essential might be stopped en- 
tirely. Somewhat later the employment service requested the help of 
the committee in the establishment of local employment agencies for 
the purpose of securing employment for soldiers and sailors who were 
returning to their homes when they were discharged from the army or 
navy. 

In addition to co-operation with these official agencies the Committee 
on Public Safety gave what assistance it could to various civilian or 
semi-official bodies. For example, the Salvation Army appealed to 
the committee for help in raising its first million-dollar war fund. The 
American Library Association requested the co-operation of the com- 
mittee in the collection of books to be sent to camps, cantonments and 
abroad for the use of soldiers and sailors. 

The American Red Cross in each of its campaigns asked the com- 
mittee to assist them in organizing the state to make the campaigns 
most effective. Other matters in which the committee was connected 
with the operation of the Red Cross are described elsewhere. 

It would be interesting to trace the development of the responses 
which were received from the towns in connection with the various 
successive requests and instructions sent out by the committee. That, 
unfortunately, is impossible, partly because reports were not regularly 
made by the towns to the state committee and partly through mere 
lack of space. 

The daily and weekly newspapers of the state kept the state com- 
mittee informed as to the progress of their work through the whole of 
New Hampshire and these reports were very inspiring and served to 
encourage those working at headquarters to continue their efforts. 

The records of the activities of the various towns are at this time in 
process of preparation and it is expected that a majority of the libraries 
of the state will obtain documents locally describing the work of the 
war organizations in their vicinity. 



VI 

THE WORK OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

After the initial meeting of the Executive Committee, which was 
held on the thirtieth day of March, 1917, a period of two weeks was 
occupied in the appointment of sub-committees and in perfecting the 
organization extending throughout all cities and towns in the State. 
Thereafter, the Executive Committee was able to devote itself to 
conferring with sub-committees and to discussing methods whereby 
the state might be best prepared to serve the nation. 

In this section the principal subjects brought up for discussion will 
be treated, together with the means employed to put the decisions of 
the Committee into operation and to bring about an acceptance of its 
expressed opinions. 

A Committee was appointed to confer with the Governor on what, 
if any, further legislation might be desirable or necessary in order to 
place New Hampshire on a better war basis. Several important 
modifications in pending legislation were suggested to the Legislature 
by this Committee and were adopted and certain new bills were 
enacted by the Legislature upon the recommendation of the Commit- 
tee. These have been treated or mentioned in the section dealing with 
legislation. Among the bills thus passed and appearing to be of the 
greatest consequence was an act to provide for dependents of soldiers 
and sailors. 

Others may here be mentioned which were enacted as a result of 
conference between the special Committee and legislators or com- 
mittees of the Legislature, such as the act to provide for the public 
safety, legislation dealing with conditions of labor, hours of labor, and 
the employment of women and children, a bill dealing with the coer- 
cion of labor and the instigating of strikes and lockouts, and a bill 
defining and extending the duties of armed guards. 

On April 16 the question of the conservation of daylight was con- 
sidered by the Committee. The opinion was unanimous that a method 
of conserving daylight should be practiced in the United States similar 
to that already practiced in the majority of the countries then at war. 
The New Hampshire Committee voted to endeavor to secure joint 
action by all the New England States, looking toward a representation 

49 



50 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

upon the subject to the Federal Government. On May 1 a meeting 
of delegates from all the Committees on Public Safety in New England 
was held in Boston, called together by the New Hampshire delegate, 
Mr. Arthur B, Jenks. At this meeting a resolution was unanimously 
adopted favoring the passage by Congress of the pending House Reso- 
lution introduced by Mr. Borlund of Missouri, "To Save Daylight 
and to Provide Standard Time for the United States." It was further 
decided that each delegate present should try to secure the signature 
of the Governor of his State, and that of the Chairman of the Com- 
mittee on Public Safety, endorsing the resolution, and return to the 
New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety. This was done, and 
the New Hampshire Committee forwarded the resolution to the 
President of the United States, and to the Senators and Represent- 
atives in Congress from New England, asking them to support the 
pending House Resolution of Mr. Borlund. 

The resolution offered by Mr. Borlund prevailed in Congress and 
Daylight Saving became the rule throughout the United States during 
the spring and summer season of 1918. The so-called new time con- 
tinued in effect until October 27, when the clocks were restored to 
standard time for the winter of 1918-1919. Prior to this time the 
Executive Committee considered the advisability of maintaining the 
Daylight Saving Plan throughout the winter. It was pointed out 
that considerable advantage would accrue to the industries in 
maintaining the summer schedule, both in the matter of saving coal 
by reason of the fact that under standard time extraordinary pressure 
fell upon power plants at an early period during each afternoon and 
because an earlier closing time left free for other employments the 
desirable hours of the early evening. 

The Committee passed a resolution on September 9, 1918, favoring 
the continuation of the Daylight Saving Plan through the winter 
months and through succeeding seasons. When publication was 
given to this vote of the committee a protest arose from representa- 
tives of agricultural interests and from the Department of Public 
Instruction. The agricultural interests in general maintained that 
during the summer season the Daylight Saving Plan worked hardship 
from two points of view. The first of these was the impossibility of 
working in the fields during the early morning hours, owing to the 
dew, and in the winter months work about the buildings was greatly 
hampered by the necessity of using artificial light. The second objec- 
tion was that it had been found impossible to keep employees working 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 51 

during the early evening hours, which are the best hours for farm 
work, with the result that at least an hour each day was lost. These 
objections were not maintained unanimously by the farming interests. 
From the standpoint of the Department of Public Instruction it was 
pointed out that the difficulties of opening rural schools at nine o'clock, 
in accordance with the Daylight Saving Plan, were very great for the 
reason that children were obliged to travel to school during the dark 
hours and because it was impossible to have school buildings properly 
heated by that time. In consequence of these protests the Committee 
reconsidered its earlier action and made no representations upon the 
subject to the Federal Government. The discussion was found to 
have been unnecessary so far as it related to the summer months in 
view of the fact that the Dayhght Saving Bill was to be in force during 
each summer season and not confined to the season then under dis- 
cussion. The history of the interest of the Committee in the whole 
matter is here given merely as an indication of the views of New 
Hampshire with reference to the subject as a whole. 

A plan proposed by the Superintendent of Education and endorsed 
by the Chairman of the Food Committee, whereby instruction in 
gardening during the summer vacation should be given to boys and 
girls in high schools, and the supervision of this work should be in 
charge of teachers now giving instruction in the high schools of the 
State, was approved by the Committee, and the Committee voted to 
underwrite the expense of such instruction and supervision, up to 
$4,500, in so far as appropriations were not made by the towns in- 
terested to cover the cost of the enterprise. 

For the second season of the war the plan of the Superintendent of 
Education was merged with the nation-wide creation of a Boys' 
Working Reserve. ]\Ir. George H. Whitcher, Deputy Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, was appointed to take charge of the extension 
of this movement in New Hampshire. Shortly thereafter, in accord- 
ance with a request from the Council of National Defense, Mr. Whit- 
cher was also made Director for New Hampshire of the United States 
School Garden Army. This movement required no financing with 
the exception of a special situation in Milford, to which the sum of 
$200 was paid in order that the school garden work might have ade- 
quate supervision, and the children making school gardens might 
have proper instruction in the planting and care of their gardens. 

Several requests were submitted to the Committee by the Council 
of National Defense that a Boys' Working Reserve Corps be formed 



52 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

in New Hampshire. The plan proposed was that boys in groups 
should be placed in semi-military camps in different sections of the 
State; that they should live either in houses suitable for their purpose 
or in tents; that they should spend at least a part of their summer 
working upon farms or in gardens. A later suggestion was made by 
the Council of National Defense that the boys should be transferred, 
if found desirable, to different industries. The Committee considered 
this question at several meetings but did not endeavor to create such 
a corps. The Committee felt that the time was inopportune since 
about ninety per cent of the boys of high school age were actually 
during the season of 1917 employed in farm or garden labor. The 
difficulty of securing proper supervision of the boys in scattered rural 
communities, and various other matters, convinced the Committee 
that it would not be feasible to create a corps of this kind in New 
Hampshire. 

Early in the year 1918 it became obvious that the State would re- 
quire the use of every possible facility in order to assure the crop 
production considered essential by the Federal Food Administration 
and the Federal Department of Agriculture. The movement to 
create a Boys' Working Reserve was again placed before the New 
Hampshire Committee and it was decided to appoint Mr. George H. 
Whitcher, Deputy Superintendent of Education, in charge of voca- 
tional training as State Director of the Boys' Working Reserve. The 
result of his exertion and enthusiasm was the creation of large groups 
of boys which planted and cared for thousands of gardens in various 
sections of the State. When a final estimate was made of the crop 
production of the season it was found that the work of the boys in 
their small gardens had been extremely valuable and had contributed 
materially to the decided increase in production over the past season. 
During the autumn of the year 1918 it was felt that this movement 
should be extended much beyond the limits it had reached during the 
season just closing. A representative of the national organization, 
Prof. C. P. Clark of Dartmouth College, was appointed to increase 
among the boys throughout New England an interest in the Re- 
serve. The new office worked in close co-operation with the Federal 
Employment Service. The coming of peace and the refusal of Con- 
gress to make appropriations for the Employment Service caused a 
cessation of the activities of the Boys' Working Reserve so that it was 
virtually disbanded in the Spring of 1919. 

The National Research Council requested Dartmouth College to 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 53 

free Professor Goldthwait, head of the Department on GeologJ^ for 
certain expert service in connection with the gathering of information 
regarding rapid highway and railroad construction in New Hampshire. 
The President of Dartmouth College offered to detach Professor 
Goldthwait and asked the Committee on Public Safety to make recom- 
mendations to the State regarding the scope of the work that might be 
done profitably by this agency. The Committee appointed Mr. 
Goldthwait a member of the Committee on Transportation and re- 
quested him to act in conjunction with the Commissioner of Highways 
in ascertaining the location of suitable road building materials in the 
neighborhood of the New Hampshire seacoast. Mr Goldthwait, 
together with two assistants, devoted about two months to the work 
of making the survey, and at the completion of his observations pre- 
pared a very careful and valuable report, accompanied by maps 
showing the location of all road building material beds existing from 
the lower Merrimack Valley and eastward to the boundary of the 
State. The results thus tabulated have been found of extreme value 
to the Department of Highways with the result that the survey has 
been continued in successive summers in other parts of the state since 
the close of the war. 

The military training of school children was discussed at several 
different meetings of the Committee, but no definite action was taken. 
The Committee had the benefit of advice from the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction and the Deputy Superintendent of Public 
Instruction. 

On April 27, 1917 the question of establishing minimum prices on 
staple agricultural products was considered, and the Committee voted 
that it seemed desirable that the National Government should estab- 
lish a minimum price on such products in view of the present world 
menace and dearth of food. At the next meeting a telegram from the 
Secretary of Agriculture was laid l)efore the Committee stating that 
no agency at present has power to fix prices on food products, but 
suggested that Congress confer power on the Government to fix both 
minimum and maximum prices. The object of setting a minimum 
price was to encourage greater production, and the object of a maxi- 
mum price to decrease the opportunity on the part of dealers to make 
large profits out of the necessities of the consumer. 

In August, 1917, the potato crop promised to be extremely large, 
and farmers' associations became anxious with reference to the price. 
Following the suggestion made by the Federated County Farmers' 



54 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

Associations of New Hampshire, the following resolutions were 
adopted : 

Whereas, the farmers of the nation were asked by those in highest authority to 
increase production of food stufiFs this year to the limit of their resources; 

Whereas, the farmers of the nation have responded to this appeal and have mate- 
rially increased production; assuming unusual financial obligations to that end; 

Whereas, in New Hampshire and New England a large part of this increase is in 
potatoes; 

Whereas, the prospects of yield in potatoes indicate for the country a surplus of 
more than one hundred million bushels; and 

Whereas, such surplus, without Government intervention, will result in abnormally 
low prices, involving disaster to those who responded to the patriotic appeal to increase 
production: therefore be it 

Resolved, That we request the Food Administrator, Mr. Huntley N. Spaulding, to 
present to the New England Potato Committee and the National Food Administrator 
the following plan, and to urge its immediate adoption: That the President of the 
United States, tlirough the National Food Administrator, announce at once such a 
minimum price per bushel for potatoes, effective March 1, 1918, as shall be found upon 
investigation to be fair and equitable. 

At the same time a proposal was made by the same associations that 
the New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety solicit and provide 
capital for financing the purchase or erection of suitable storehouses 
for the farm production of the several counties of the State. Upon 
investigation, however, it was discovered that ample facilities were 
already in existence, making it unnecessary to take further action. 

The Committee on different occasions discussed the question of 
National Prohibition as a war measure, and on May 14 the Committee 
voted to urge Congress and the Administration to use every means in 
their power and pass such laws as might be necessary to prohibit the 
manufacture and sale of spirituous and intoxicating liquor during the 
continuance of the war, except for mechanical, medicinal and sacra- 
mental purposes. A copy of this resolution was forwarded to the 
President of the United States and to the New Hampshire representa- 
tives and Senators in Congress. 

The railway mail clerks on the Portland Division of the Boston & 
Maine presented a petition to the Committee asking that they use 
their influence with the Federal Post Office Department to secure a 
re-establishment of the rules hitherto in force regarding leave of ab- 
sence. The Committee was informed that the scale of pay for sub- 
stitutes during periods of absence on the part of regular mail clerks 
was such that the mail clerks were unable to devote the period of their 
absence from duty to tilling their farms on account of the financial 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 55 

arrangements involved. The Committee referred the matter to the 
New Hampshire Congressional delegation with the recommendation 
that they take such steps as they might deem proper and necessary. 

On May 5 the Committee was informed that each county organiza- 
tion connected with the New England Milk Producers' Association 
was to hold a meeting on May 7. The Committee expressed itself in 
favor of having national legislation in the interest of the raising of 
food animals, and requested the Chairman of the Committe on Food 
Production to telegraph to each chairman of the county meetings, 
asking that support be given to the opinion of the Committee on 
Public Safety. 

On May 10 the attention of the Committee was drawn to the im- 
portance of maintaining a maxinmm of farm labor, and to the fact 
that recruiting for the army was progressing in rural districts to the 
detriment of increased production of crops. The Chairman of the 
Committee on Recruiting was informed of these facts and agreed 
with the Committee that there was great necessity for discretion 
among recruiting parties in inducing men to enlist who had been 
engaged in agricultural work. 

The shortage of coal, not only in New Hampshire, but in the other 
New England States, induced the Committee to unite with the other 
Committees on Public Safety in New England to study the situation 
and endeavor to secure better provision for the future if possible. A 
joint committee, representing the several states of New England, 
held a meeting in Boston and decided to make a survey of coal on 
hand in the New England states in comparison with that on hand at 
the same time in the year 1916. It was discovered that there was in 
stock this spring less than two-thirds of the amount of anthracite and 
bituminous coal in stock in the previous year. The joint committee 
made representations to the Federal Government and had a fair degree 
of assurance that coal trains would be dispatched from the mines 
direct to several of the cities of New England, thus obviating the delays 
hitherto occurring in the transportation of the coal to be used in New 
England. 

When gradually the supply of available coal diminished and actual 
famine was threatened, a movement arose in New Hampshire, as it 
did elsewhere, to counteract the lack of coal by providing a supply of 
wood. Inquiries were made throughout the State as to the amount of 
wood on hand remaining from the preceding season; also the amount 
actually cut in each town. WTien the information thus obtained was 



56 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

analyzed it became evident that unless very decided measures were 
adopted to increase the amount of wood that would normally be cut 
the State would in all probability find itself in a serious plight. The 
State Department of Forestry and the New Hampshire Association 
for the Preservation of Forests united earnestly and most effectively 
with the Committee in urging upon owners of wood lots, or even 
smaller tracts of wood, to endeavor to provide the State with fuel for 
the coming winter. The Federal Fuel Administrator, both personally 
and through his district committees, worked constantly for the same 
object. The amount of wood made available in this manner for heat- 
ing purposes was so large that to a considerable degree it offset the 
shortage of coal so that there were probably few instances of actual 
suffering in the State for lack of heat. It is not intended to imply 
that householders had a normal supply of fuel even with the addition 
of wood, but in some manner everyone got along with a fair degree of 
comfort. It was perhaps unavoidable that the price of wood advanced 
so materially that the substitution of wood for coal became a great 
financial burden. 

When it was proposed that bonds be issued by the Federal Govern- 
ment, to be known as Liberty Loan Bonds, the Committee on Public 
Safety was requested to give publicity to the fact that such bonds 
were to be sold and to arouse some enthusiasm for the purchase of the 
bonds. The New Hampshire Committee sent letters to members of 
its local committees throughout the State, explaining the nature of 
the bonds in the simplest language, and urging everyone to subscribe. 

At the beginning of the campaign to raise one hundred million 
dollars as a Red Cross War Fund, the Committee united with the Red 
Cross Organization in order to assist in the raising of the quota as- 
signed to New Hampshire. The Committee passed a resolution 
endorsing heartily the campaign of the Red Cross and appointing a 
committee of three to confer and co-operate with a committee ap- 
pointed by the Red Cross. This joint committee was to direct the 
raising of the fund in New Hampshire. The Committee on Public 
Safety placed its organization at the disposal of the Red Cross and 
actively participated in the work of the week. 

At the outbreak of war the Red Cross was organized on a state 
basis, with a state chapter and many chapters scattered throughout 
the state subordinate to it. In the summer of 1917, the National Red 
Cross undertook to organize in a totally different manner by dividing 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 57 

the United States into 13 divisions, each of which should include 
several states and be under the direction of a division superintendent. 
New Hampshire became a part of the New England Division, and the 
State chapter was dissolved. During the lengthy negotiations neces- 
sary for making this transfer, the Committee on Public Safety took 
part in the discussions,^ — merely in an advisory capacity. After the 
new organization was perfected the work of the Red Cross in New 
Hampshire was directed from the headquarters in Boston. From 
time to time the New England Division requested the Committee on 
Public Safety to show an interest and to give its assistance in new 
undertakings and new sections of the organization. Thus when the 
Home Service Section was organized, a Field Supervisor was appointed 
for New Hampshire, Mrs. R. W. Husband of Hanover, who appeared 
before the Committee to explain the principles involved in this new 
activity. The Committee by vote expressed the heartiest sympathy 
with this movement and a desire to further its operation in every way 
possible. 

During the summer of 1918 an epidemic of Spanish influenza arose, 
apparently brought to the United States from European countries, 
and spread from one state to another until it covered every state in the 
Union. The Committee on Public Safety actively assisted the Red 
Cross in providing physicians and nurses, both professional nurses and 
practical nurses, for the aflflicted towns and cities of the state. At 
the time the epidemic became serious the State Board of Health was 
made the central point of activity in combating the disease. From 
the office of the Board directions as to care of health on the part of 
those who had not yet suffered, as well as the care of those suffering, 
were given, and physicians and nurses were obtained. It is worthy 
of note that many of the towns in the State organized most efficiently 
to meet the disease by having as headquarters a central point of in- 
formation and distribution of necessities, by organizing a motor corps 
to carry nurses from one part of the town to another and by providing 
in large numbers of cases food and volunteers who took care of hy- 
gienic conditions in afflicted households. Before the epidemic had 
passed away a Committee called "The New Hampshire Emergency 
Health Committee" was formed through the co-operation of the State 
Board of Health, the Red Cross and the Committee on Public Safety. 
This Emergency Health Committee was composed of the following 
members : 



58 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

NEW HAMPSHIRE EMERGENCY HEALTH COMMITTEE 

(Adjunct to the State Board of Health) 

Wyman K. Flint, Chairman, Dr. C. P. Bancroft, 

Liaison Officer, American Red Cross State Board of Charities and Correc- 
tions 

Dr. Charles Duncan, Vice-Chairman, E. W. Butterfield, 

State Board of Health Supt. of Public Instruction 

Mrs. R. W. Husband, Secretary, John B. Jameson, 

Woman's Committee, Council of National Committee on Public Safety 
Defense 

This Committee was charged with the duty of investigating the 
extent of the spread of influenza in the state, of assisting towns to 
organize adequately to meet the situation locally, of devising methods 
whereby suffering caused by the epidemic might be ameliorated and of 
building a permanent emergency organization. They sought in this 
work the co-operation of local Boards of Health, local committees on 
Public Safety and chapters and branches of the American Red Cross. 

The headquarters of the Emergency Health Committee and those of 
the Field Supervisor of the Home Service Section were transferred to 
the building occupied by the Committee on Public Safety in order 
that there might be a still closer link between the two organizations. 

The Governor and the Legislature of New Hampshire desired to 
maintain for employees in factories during the course of the war the 
same standards in respect to hours of labor and conditions of health 
and safety that were in vogue prior to the opening of war. The ex- 
perience of England showed that it was unwise to increase materially 
the number of hours per week which persons in factories devoted to 
their work; and showed also that it was unwise to lower in the slightest 
degree the standards of health, comfort and safety in factories. 

The Council of National Defense about the time war was declared 
requested each state to modify its laws so that it might be possible to 
bring it to pass that factories producing articles necessary for the 
Government should be able to do so in much greater quantities than 
seemed possible under existing laws and conditions. It was specifically 
requested that upon recommendation of the Council of National De- 
fense the State laws relating to hours of labor might be temporarily 
abrogated. In harmony with the plea thus stated, an act was passed 
by the New Hampshire legislature in the spring of 1917 to the effect 
that the Governor, upon the request of the Council of National Defense 
might suspend or modify laws limiting hours of labor for such time as 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 59 

should be specified in the order issued by the Governor for that pur- 
pose but no longer than the duration of the war. The request of the 
Council of National Defense met with vigorous opposition on the part 
of the American Federation of Labor and other bodies, with the result 
that the Council very decidedly modified its views, and later stipu- 
lated that such suspension of labor laws was expected to be extremely 
rare. The enactment of this measure by the New Hampshire Legis- 
lature was taken by the American Association for Labor Legislation 
as a proof that.New Hampshire had receded from its ordinary position 
regarding maintenance of good conditions of labor. The Survey 
repeated the declaration of this Association, intimating that it was an 
established fact that New Hampshire had receded. The Committee 
on Public Safety took notice of these statements and informed the 
Secretary of the American Association of the exact facts connected 
with the New Hampshire enactment, and appended to this statement 
the view of the Governor of New Hampshire with reference to possible 
suspension of the labor laws of the State. The Governor was of the 
opinion that such suspension should take place, it at all, only under 
circumstances so critical as imperatively to demand it, and then only 
for the briefest period to accomplish the purpose. The article in the 
Survey was answered to the same effect by the Secretary of the Com- 
mittee, and the answer thus made was published in the Survey. 

The history of industrial employment during the war shows that 
the Council of National Defense has never requested the suspension 
of labor laws in any instance; and shows also that the actual number 
of hours per week asked of employees has diminished. The single 
exception to this statement is in cases where employees have volunta- 
rily worked overtime at considerably advanced pay. 

From time to time strikes arose in industrial plants, and in several 
cases an appeal was made to the Committee on Public Safety to exert 
its influence to effect a termination of the strike. The strikes that 
occurred during the course of war were of many different kinds. In 
certain cases the object of the striking employees was to improve their 
working conditions ; and in other cases the question at issue concerned 
the extent of the machinery the employee was expected to operate. In 
every case in which the Committee on Public Safety interested itself 
the point was made clear that the Committee was not interested in 
the question of wages except in so far as the wages obtained might 
influence the output of the factory concerned. The chief interest of 
the Committee in all disputes was in maintaining the maximum pro- 



60 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

duction for the Government. The committee had a particular interest 
in equipment, supplies and food for soldiers and sailors. It was solely 
upon this ground that the Committee at any time participated in 
negotiations looking toward a termination of any controversy that 
arose. On several occasions the services of members of the Committee 
were offered to mediate between the parties to the strikes. In general, 
the attitude of the Committee met with the approval of both the 
employer and employee. 

In furtherance of this attitude on the part of the Committee there 
was at one time discussion of the advisability of appointing a commit- 
tee of five to adjust labor disputes on the basis of a similar committee 
appointed by the Massachusetts Legislature of 1917. This was not 
carried into effect owing to the desire to avoid any appearance of 
infringing upon the duties and powers of the State Board of Arbitra- 
tion and Conciliation as well as because the labor disputes that arose 
in the state were for the most part readily settled. Somewhat later 
the subject again arose and the following resolution was adopted by 
the Committee: 

Whereas, in the consideration of controversies between employer and employee, the 
State Labor Commissioner and the State Board of Arbitration and Conciliation are 
limited to a request from either or both parties; and 

Whereas, it is the desire of the Committee on Public Safety to assist in every way in 
the settlement of labor troubles in cases of industries necessary to the conduct of the war: 

Voted: To recommend to the Governor and Council that a Commission, composed of 
three men, be appointed by the Governor and Council, under the authority conferred 
by Section 1, Chapter 97, Laws of 1917, with the following functions: 

To investigate, either upon request of interested parties, or upon its own initiative or 
otherwise, any disputes or controversies between employers of labor and their employ- 
ees involving the production of articles or material essential to the war, and to endeavor 
to effect a just settlement of such disputes. 

In case of its inability to secure a satisfactory adjustment in any instance, to recom- 
mend to the Governor such action as it may deem wise in order to preserve the unin- 
terrupted operation of industries necessary to the conduct of the war; 

To anticipate, so far as is possible, any instance of industrial unrest affecting a war 
industry, and to volunteer its good offices in the avoidance of any prospective con- 
troversy. 

The resolution thus passed by the Committee was not carried into 
effect for the reason that almost immediately after its adoption the 
Council of National Defense requested the appointment of a sub- 
committee to establish an employment service exchange system. This 
topic was discussed with the Commissioner of Labor and as a result 
of the discussion it was voted that the resolution adopted at an earlier 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 61 

meeting be modified and the following resolution adopted as a sub- 
stitute : 

Resolved: That it is the sense of this Committee that it is of the highest importance 
that there should be created, as a sub-committee of the Committee on Public Safety, a 
Committee on Industrial Relations, consisting of five members, the make-up of this 
committee to represent as broadly as possible the v^arious interests in the State concerned 
with labor problems; and that the duties of this Committee should be: 

(a) To discover and assemble labor force; to classify and analyze such labor; and 
when found necessary so far as possible to transfer labor from non-essential to essential 
industries. In the accomplishment of this object the Committee should work with and 
use all existing labor agencies; should have power to extend and create agencies as re- 
quired; and should employ such expert assistance as is necessary to accomplish the 
above object. 

(b) Inasmuch as the consideration of controversies between employers and employ- 
ees, by the State Labor Commissioner and State Board of Arbitration and Conciliation 
are limited to a request from either or both parties, it should be the duty of this Com- 
mittee to investigate, either upon request of the interested parties, or upon its own 
initiative or otherwise, any dispute or controversy between employers of labor and their 
employees involving the production of articles essential to the war. 

(c) It should be the duty of this Committee to further and accelerate in any way 
possible the investigation of workmen's compensation and health insurance, as provided 
for in a resolution of the New Hampshire House of Representatives on March 29, 1917; 
and to further the extension of any movement tending toward protection and safety of 
employees; and to perform any other duties which shall promote efficiency and conserva- 
tion of labor; and 

Resolved: That the sanction of the Governor for the establishment of such sub-com- 
mittee, and his approval of the expenses involved, be requested. 

It was assumed that the Committee on Industrial Relations 
would act only in situations that were not open to the State Board 
of Arbitration and Conciliation or to the Labor Commissioner and 
would, apart from controversies, be able to give assistance to the 
Federal Government in its aim to convert gradually non-essential 
industries to essential industries, and to forestall unemployment and 
migratory habits of labor. When it was discovered that the Legisla- 
ture had instructed the Commissioner of Labor to establish a free 
employment agency in each town of the State, it was seen that a 
portion of the functions outlined above were already provided for 
under authority of the Legislature, and that it would be inadvisable 
to continue the idea of the Committee. At the same time it was felt 
that it might be wise to have an advisory committee on Industrial 
Relations to co-operate with State agencies and the Federal Labor 
Department and furnish such aid to those two agencies as might be 
found practical. 



62 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

The interest of the Committee in the supply of labor and its desire 
to utilize the man power of the State to the utmost was qualified in 
one very essential respect. It was brought to the attention of the 
Committee that an effort was being made to induce children to leave 
school somewhat earlier than usual in order that they might work in 
factories. It was also brought to the attention of the Committee that 
for purposes of propaganda the schools were being used to a most 
marked degree. After consultation with the State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction a resolution was passed to the effect that the school 
should be used for the solicitation of funds or for the spread of propa- 
ganda only when such movements were heartily recommended by 
the Superintendent of Public Instruction and acted upon favorably 
by the Committee on Public Safety. The occasion for such action 
was that the Committee thoroughly agreed with the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction that education of children should not be un- 
necessarily interfered with and that it was very important that all the 
subjects included in the public school curriculum should at this junc- 
ture receive not only as much attention as usual but more attention, 
in the belief that a greater burden of responsibility would in years of 
reconstruction fall upon those of present school age rather than upon 
those of more advanced years. 

One of the most serious problems in connection with the waging of 
any war is the guarding of the soldiers when in camps against the evil 
effects of conditions in the neighborhood of those camps. It was 
found that saloons, gambling places, and houses of prostitution, came 
into existence wherever large numbers of soldiers were located. To 
prevent these conditions from arising during the present war the Coun- 
cil of National Defense appointed representatives in the vicinity of 
each camp whose duties were to consist in seeing that the laws relat- 
ing to conditions near camps should be enforced, and in providing that 
recreational facilities should be made possible for soldiers, and other 
proper attention given to saving the soldiers from the evil effects too 
commonly attendant upon camp life. The Committee on Public 
Safety fully concurred in the belief that the Commission on Training 
Camp Activities could perform admirable service, and agreed to 
co-operate with a Community Organizer for New Hampshire in the 
event that a training camp should be established within the boundaries 
of the state. 

The Committee discussed at several successive meetings the attitude 
it should adopt upon the question of "Business in War Time" or 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 63 

"Business as Usual." After serious consideration it was decided that 
it was the duty of the Committee to accept as its poHcy and belief the 
view being advocated by many persons who held that in a time of 
serious warfare, when all the resources of the country were needed for 
the prosecution of the war and for the service of the Government in 
its many activities directly and indirectly concerned with war, busi- 
ness could not proceed as usual. For these reasons the Committee 
issued bulletins advocating food economy, elimination of waste in the 
household and elsewhere, the saving of money in all reasonable ways, 
and the conduct of business and manufacturing enterprises in such a 
way that the Government may best be profited thereby. 

The most significant and important discussion in the Committee 
relating to economy arose from a series of talks prepared by Prof. 
Frank H. Dixon of Dartmouth College under the title "Business as 
Usual." These talks were prepared shortly after the United States 
entered the war. By this time all the European countries involved 
in the war, as well as Canada upon our own continent, had changed 
their mode of business to such a degree that all kinds of business not 
regarded as absolutely indispensable for conducting the war effectively 
were suspended. The prime motives for this very general shift in 
business were the necessity for conserving materials and labor, and the 
equal necessity of devoting all available money to the purchase of 
bonds that would furnish the means for procuring war equipment. A 
discussion of this subject in New Hampshire, as well as in other parts 
of the country, was based upon two questions. The first of these was 
the duration of the war. It was felt by some that unless the war 
should last for more than a single season after the United States en- 
tered, a violent change in the nature of the industries of the country 
would ultimately prove to be disastrous. The second point frequently 
raised was that only by keeping money in constant and abundant 
circulation with attendant business prosperity would the Government 
be able to secure the funds for the purchase of military and naval 
supplies. 

After lengthy discussion at several meetings of the committee it 
was decided that a series of four talks prepared by Professor Dixon 
should be published in the name of the Committee. The wisdom of 
this move was soon manifest, for within a short time urgent pleas arose 
from various parts of the Federal Government that the utmost econ- 
omy be practised. Economies became compulsory by order of the 
Priorities Division of the War Industries Board. Undoubtedly the 



64 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

action of the New Hampshire Committee was of some influence in 
quickening the transfer of industry throughout the country, and it is 
very probable that the whole movement would have been hastened 
to the great advantage of the country if the New Hampshire Commit- 
tee had taken action earlier. 

In harmony with the ideas expressed in the documents published on 
the question of "Business as Usual" the Committee advocated 
throughout the State the desirability of avoiding the undertaking of 
new business enterprises so long as the war lasted. For the same 
reason the opinion of the Committee was spread broadcast that the 
giving of unnecessary gifts at Christmas of 1917 should be avoided. 
By this time the people of the State were ready to accept such sugges- 
tions and to act upon them. 

Somewhat along the same line was the movement for a reduction in 
the number of daily deliveries of groceries and other household supplies 
purchased at retail. The primary object here was the saving of labor. 
The State was somewhat slow to adopt this suggestion, but after a 
time it fell readily into the strict observance of the single delivery 
system by not insisting that merchants deliver more frequently. In 
fact, long before the end of the war it was almost impossible for mer- 
chants to find employees to work upon delivery wagons owing to the 
fact that after so many men had been taken into the Army and Navy 
the comparatively few who were left found more remunerative occupa- 
tions elsewhere. 

In October, 1917, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Rights Bill was 
before Congress and each State Committee was requested to express 
its opinion upon the desirability of enacting this measure into law. In 
New Hampshire a special committee was appointed to investigate and 
report. The report later submitted by the special committee was 
accepted and it was voted that the senators and representatives of the 
State of New Hampshire be informed that the Committee on Public 
Safety believed that this bill should become a law with an amendment 
to the effect that the Government should guarantee that the policies 
would be continued after the expiration of the war. Otherwise the 
insurance companies doing regular business in times of peace would be 
practically compelled to furnish insurance at a serious loss. It is of 
course well known that an amendment somewhat to this effect was 
adopted. 

The National Committee on Industrial Safety appealed to the 
Governor of New Hampshire for the appointment of a New Hamp- 
shire representative on the National Committee on Industrial Safety. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 65 

The Governor laid the matter before the Executive Committee and 
the Committee acted favorably upon the request, heartily endorsed 
the principles of a guarantee to laborers in industrial concerns, and 
appointed a New Hampshire representative on this Committee. The 
Council then requested the appointment of four men in the State to be 
chairmen of divisions and to supervise the work of the Council relat- 
ing to structural safety, fire prevention, accident prevention, dust and 
fumes. It was especially requested that state officials be secured, if 
possible, to undertake this work. Four men were appointed in this 
capacity. The work of the National Committee seems to have been 
cared for otherwise, and the men thus appointed were not assigned 
duties in accordance with expectation. 

The Council of National Defense appointed a sub-committee on 
Women's Work. The Council then formed a committee of women in 
each state to superintend the work of women in connection with the 
war and to increase the effectiveness of women's work. It was re- 
quested by the Council of National Defense that Committees on 
Public Safety and State Councils of Defense should co-operate with 
the women's committees in order to make women's work more effec- 
tive and to avoid possible duplication. The New Hampshire Com- 
mittee on Public Safety debated this question at several meetings in 
order to devise a plan whereby the work of women might be fully 
insured and overlapping of the work of a woman's organization and 
that of the State Committee on Food Production might be avoided. 
It was decided to make the State Woman's Committee an auxiliary 
committee of the Committee on Public Safety. 

The expenses of the Woman's Committee were met by the Com- 
mittee on Public Safety excepting in so far as they could more properly 
be assigned to certain other war activities, such as the Food Admin- 
istration and the Liberty Loan Committee. After the Woman's Com- 
mittee had been in existence for over a year, the National Woman's 
Committee and the State Councils Section of the Council of National 
Defense were amalgamated and the request was made that in each 
state the work of the Committee on Public Safety and that of the 
Woman's Committee be more closely associated than was the case in 
the past. 

In November, 1917, a special committee was appointed to consider 
the desirability of constructing a budget in accordance with which 
subscriptions for the various enterprises useful in the prosecution of 
the war might be made for the year 1918. The purpose of the study- 
ing of this subject was the elimination, if possible, of an excessive 



66 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

number of drives and campaigns that were likely to be conducted in 
the interest of the many war activities. It was known that several 
towns and cities throughout the country had created war budgets, 
and it was felt that it might be desirable for the State as a whole to 
undertake the creation of a similar fund. A few weeks later a docu- 
ment came to the Committee from the Illinois State Council of De- 
fense giving an outline of a system of granting endorsement to cam- 
paigns for subscribing money and carrying on war activities throughout 
the State. The two matters were somewhat closely linked together, 
and at the moment the Committee voted to make announcement that 
they would thereafter investigate any state-wide project for the raising 
of money for war purposes and would endorse such proposals as they 
deemed worthy of support and advisable. 

After studying the question of a state budget for several weeks, the 
special committee made a report that they were unable to recommend 
a definite state-wide plan for New Hampshire, nor yet were they 
satisfied that they could definitely reject an attempt to make such a 
plan. The special committee never got beyond that point in their 
discussion. They found the question too complicated and difficult 
for clearly determining upon what course would be most advisable. 
In this connection it is worth noting that the largest of the war activi- 
ties, such as the Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A., seemed to be opposed 
to a state-wide plan of the kind contemplated. It will be recalled, 
however, that later the Y. M. C. A. did unite with six other organiza- 
tions in conducting a single campaign, the funds derived from which 
were to be distributed to the various organizations represented by a 
percentage basis. This was the nearest approach the country made 
to a centralized war treasury. 

The system adopted in New Hampshire of granting endorsement to 
those war activities which seemed particularly worthy of support 
worked out to the mutual advantage of the State and the funds them- 
selves. The people of the State looked to the Committee on Public 
Safety for its endorsement or refusal of endorsement, and threw them- 
selves with energy into those campaigns which were supported by the 
State Committee. Those enterprises which did not have such support 
failed to secure much co-operation in the state. 

During the summer of 1918 the Connecticut Council of Defense 
made a series of recommendations to the Secretary of War to the effect 
that a list of auxiliary war agencies which were entitled to national 
support should be prepared and that the budgets of all such approved 
agencies should be examined with reference to their necessities on the 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 67 

understanding that no national solicitation should be sanctioned 
without examination and official approval of the budget. It was 
further suggested that a fair and well considered plan for apportioning 
quotas among the several states be established and that upon the basis 
of the quotas subscriptions should be made and oversubscriptions 
should not be encouraged. The New Hampshire Committee strongly- 
supported the recommendation of the Connecticut Council and for- 
warded its approval to the Secretary of War. Thereafter, the Council 
of National Defense did, in fact, make a list of approved war activities, 
but did not reach the point of establishing a plan for state quotas 
which might be adopted in any nation-wide drives that were thereafter 
conducted, although the Council served a very useful purpose in 
bringing about a combination of seven organizations, which in the 
autumn of 1918 conducted a joint campaign. 

The Committee took an interest in the Child Welfare work of the 
Children's Bureau during what was named "Children's Year," from 
April 6, 1918 to April 6, 1919. The object of this movement was to 
improve health conditions among children and thereby prevent to the 
largest possible degree the number of deaths among children from 
avoidable causes such as annually occurred. It was proposed that a 
state-wide census of children be taken under the direction of the 
Children's Bureau and that this census should include certain facts 
connected with the health of the children of the state. The Woman's 
Committee of the Council of National Defense undertook the carrying 
out of the census and did succeed in collecting information concerning 
a very large percentage of the children and in weighing and measuring 
them. The census cards were then deposited in the office of the State 
Committee on Public Safety in the expectation that the Committee 
on Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation would secure an analysis of the 
information contained on the cards and advocate measures that would 
be effective in improving health conditions among the children. Be- 
fore the full returns were made by the Woman's Committee the Com- 
mittee on Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation had been disbanded 
owing to the conclusion of the war and the termination of the activities 
of the Medical Section of the Council of National Defense which 
superintended the activities of each State committee. 

The Executive Committee held altogether seventy-seven meetings 
at the great majority of which every member was present. The 
meeting for dissolution occurred on June 17, 1921, but on December 
31, 1918, the office was virtually closed, except for occasional matters 
which still demanded some attention. 



VII 

RECRUITING 

The first meetings held in the state for the definite purpose of en- 
couraging recruiting took place on Sunday evening, April 1, 1917, in 
two theatres in Manchester. The meetings were called under the 
auspices of the New Hampshire Defense League and were arranged by 
Frank Knox, Editor of the Manchester Union and Leader. The princi- 
pal speakers were Dean Craven Laycock of Dartmouth College and 
former Congressman John A. Sullivan of Boston, both of whom spoke 
at each of the theatres during the evening. There was the utmost 
enthusiasm, which laid the foundation for the later and remarkable 
extent of enlistment in all branches of the service from Manchester. 

The Committee on Public Safety, immediately upon its organiza- 
tion, appointed a sub-committee on Recruiting, and assigned to it 
these functions: "To effect organizations throughout the state for co- 
operating with the military authorities in the recruiting of land and 
naval forces and to stimulate enlistment by all proper means." 

Major Frank Knox of Manchester was appointed chairman, Richard 
A. Cooney of Portsmouth, vice-chairman, and Admiral Joseph B. 
Murdock, to represent the interest of the Navy. 

Mr. Knox decided to conduct the work from his office in the Union- 
Leader Building on Hanover Street, Manchester, and it was there that 
all of the preliminary arrangements were made and the activities of 
the sub-committee conducted during Mr. Knox's term of office. 

The first step taken was the appointment of a chairman for every 

town in the state and for each ward in the cities. To this end, the 

following letter was sent out to men whose names were secured through 

the assistance of the county chairmen. 

May 2, 1917. 
Dear Sir: 

You have been appointed the representative for .... on the Committee on Recruiting 
which is a Sub-Committee of the Committee on Public Safety appointed by Governor 
Keyes. 

Your duties consist of maintaining a recruiting headquarters — where none is pro- 
vided by military authority — to furnish information to young men seeking enlistment, 
in arranging for any recruiting rallies which may be held in your town, and such other 
local duties as would appropriately fall upon such an oflBcer. 

It is essential that New Hampshire promptly provide its quota of men for the National 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 69 

Guard, the Regular Army, and the Navy, all of which are to be filled exclusively by 

volunteers. This involves an energetic campaign. 

Please advise me by return mail of your acceptance of this appointment, and further 

instructions will then be issued to you. 

Yours respectfully, ,^. ^ ^ 

^ (Sig.) Frank Knox, 

Chairman of Recruiting Committee. 

At the first meeting which was held by the New Hampshire Equal 
Suffrage Association after the declaration of war, that Association 
offered to the Committee on Public Safety the services of Mrs. Mary 
Post, who for two years had been their State Organizer. The Com- 
mittee on Public Safety, having accepted this offer of Mrs. Post's 
services, Mr. Knox asked that she might assist him in the recruiting 
campaign which he was outlining. This being considered advisable, 
Mrs. Post and one stenographer constituted the working force of the 
Committee during its activities covering a period of three months 
beginning May 1, 1917. 

The first big work undertaken by Mr. Knox after committees had 
been secured in practically every town was a series of recruiting rallies. 

An itinerary was made out for two tours, one to cover the central 
and east-central portions of the State and one to visit towns up the 
Connecticut River as far as Hanover. Through the co-operation of 
the Conunittee on Transportation, eight automobiles were procured 
for these trips, four for each party. Each party consisted of several 
speakers and a detail of soldiers and sailors, in addition to officers of 
the National Guard and examining surgeons. Albert O. Shaw of 
Greenland, Packard Motor Car Co. of Manchester, Council & 
McKone Co. of Manchester, Manchester Auto Garage Co. of Man- 
chester, H. E. Slayton of Manchester, H. C. Lintott of Nashua, 
Pollard Auto Co. of Nashua, Hall Bros, of Concord, and Howard 
Johnson of Manchester, donated their cars. 

Enrollment cards were printed, which, although not binding on 
those who signed them, were a pledge of service. 

Information was given on the back of the cards regarding the va- 
rious departments of each of these four branches of the service, the 
regulations concerning age and dependents, the period of enlistment, 
and the pay, with possibilities of advancement; and men were urged to 
signify their willingness to enlist by signing at that time. 

Thousands of striking posters, representing Uncle Sam with his 
finger pointed directly at the observer, and bearing the inscription, 
"Uncle Sam Wants You," were sent to every town in the state. 



70 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

ENROLLMENT CARD 

for enlistment in the 

NATIONAL GUARD OF NEW HAMPSHIRE OR THE ARMY OR NAVY OF 
THE UNITED STATES 

I promise my services and pledge my word to answer the call whenever my State or 
the Nation calls for volunteers for the war with Germany in order to recruit the Guard, 
the Army, or the Navy up to war strength. 

Name 

Residence Street City or town 

Occupation Age 

Married or Single 

I prefer to serve in The New Hampshire National Guard. 
The U. S. Navy. 
The U. S. Army. 
The Marine Corps. 

(Cross out three.) 

Instructions were sent to the chairmen of towns included in the 
itineraries that all local arrangements for these meetings were to be 
made by them. Where time and conditions were favorable, open air 
meetings were held, while, at other places, it seemed advisable to use 
some hall. A bugler from the Army accompanied each party and 
served to draw the crowds, although in many places, arrangements had 
already been made for a band and for a parade through the town, thus 
securing good publicity. The newspapers of the state gave hearty 
co-operation, and the undertaking was widely advertised through 
stories, and in some cases, through editorial comment. 

The cars which carried the party were appropriately decorated with 
flags and bore such inscriptions as "War — Enlist Now!" The 
start was made from the Union-Leader office, and two large rallies 
were held at the mill gates at noon on Monday, April 30. The towns 
visited by the party going southwest were Merrimack, Reed's Ferry, 
Nashua, Milford, Wilton, Greenville, Peterborough, Keene, Winches- 
ter, Charlestown, Newport, Hanover, W. Lebanon, Lebanon, Sunapee 
Harbor, New London and Claremont . Those included in the central 
tour were Suncook, Concord, Penacook, Bristol, Franklin, Tilton, 
Lakeport, Laconia, Meredith, Ashland, Plymouth, No. Conway, 
Wolfeboro, Farmington and Rochester. 

The speakers included many men of prominence in the state who 
patriotically gave their services to this cause. Among them were 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 71 

Stanton Owen, Lieut. Paul F. Hulburt, Frank P. Hobbs, Oscar F. 
Moreau, John H. Bartlett, Capt. G. P. Elliott, Capt. Herbert Rouse, 
Capt. E. E. Bennett, George A. Wood, Stephen Jewett, William N. 
Rogers and John H. Neal. 

During the week's tour, 500 men enrolled for the service, and two 
mass meetings held on Sunday evening, May 6, at the Auditorium and 
Palace Theatres in Manchester, added 150 to this number from the 
city of Manchester alone. Mr. Knox had planned to have these 
Sunday evening rallies the culmination of a good week's work and 
spared no efforts to arouse the interest of the people. The results 
showed that his efforts had not been in vain. The doors of both 
theatres opened at seven o'clock, and long before eight, the hour set 
for the meetings, both theatres were filled to overflowing, and thou- 
sands had been turned away. The exercises began with a parade of 
three companies of the National Guard, accompanied by a band of 
thirty-two pieces. The parade started at the Armory and went up 
Elm as far as Bridge Street, where it countermarched and came to 
attention before the theatres, as the speakers and veterans entered. 

Mayor Harry W. Spaulding presided at the Palace, where the 
speakers were Judge Thomas W. Riley of Maiden, Mass., Edwin F. 
Jones, Major Robert P. Johnston and Major Thomas H. Madigan, Jr., 
of Manchester. The speakers at the Auditorium were James T. 
Williams, Jr., Editor-in Chief of the Boston Transcript, and Capt. E. E. 
Bennett of the U. S. Army. At this meeting Mr. Knox presided. 

"Just how the war spirit imbued the 1,500 people who filled galleries, 
parquet, and circle in llie Auditorium may be told briefly thus : Major 
Knox was paying a glowing tribute to the 'boys of '61,' grizzled veter- 
ans who were grouped on the platform with the young manhood 
enlisted in the army and naval forces, and with the only too apparent 
longing on their faces to be young again, that they, too, might be 
numbered in the great expeditionary force to France. Like a rifle 
shot rang out the assertion: 

"'And they have offered their services to the governor of New 
Hampshire to do what they can again in this crisis.' 



"There was one other incident that roused patriotic spirit to its 
utmost. It occurred just at the opening of the meeting. The curtain 
was dropped for a brief space upon a setting in which were inter- 
mingled the veterans of '61, young men of the Coast Reserve, the bat- 



72 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

tery and every arm of service represented in this city, and bluejackets 
from the Navy. Rifles were stacked on either side of the stage. 

"The hghts in the house were put out for an instant, the curtain 
rose and a bugler, well to the front, sounded the call to the colors. As 
the band struck up the 'Star Spangled Banner,' a huge American flag 
decended in the rear of the stage, backing the naval and military 
ensemble. Everyone in that big audience was on his feet at once, 
every soldier and sailor saluted, and when the national anthem had 
died away, tense feelings found relief in loud and continued applause. " 

It is interesting to contrast the published reports of these meetings 
with those of the similar meetings held in Manchester a little more than 
a month earlier. The meetings of May 6 were characterized by fre- 
quent and tremendous applause and the greatest outwardly-manifested 
enthusiasm. The Manchester Union said of the earlier meetings: 
"Noisy, demonstrative enthusiasm was lacking. In its place there 
was that underlying feeling of a patriotism too deep for words — patriot- 
ism felt, implied, but not expressed. It was the patriotism of a long- 
suffering American public, ready, now that the die is seemingly cast, 
to give up everything rather than let the traditions of a glorious repub- 
lic fade." At that time war had not yet been declared. Those were 
days of great anxiety and emotional strain, days in which feeling was 
deep, when there was violent wrenching of the spirit of a peaceful 
people, inconsistent with noise and shouting. WTien we had once 
taken our rightful place by the side of those nations which were fight- 
ing for the preservation of popular freedom, this tension was relaxed, 
and at every gathering the smallest reference to our armed forces or 
to one of our public officials was the signal for an enthusiastic out- 
burst of applause. 

The number of enrollments secured by this method in one week was 
so encouraging that the committee decided to follow it up by similar 
tours covering new territory. This was accordingly done, a party 
leaving Manchester on May 7, going west and north as far as White- 
field. The itinerary included Goffstown, New Boston, Antrim, 
Hillsboro, Henniker, Bradford, Warner, Contoocook, Andover, 
Canaan, Enfield, Orford, Haverhill, Woodsville, Bath, Littleton, 
Whitefield, and Lisbon. 

Other speakers who gave their time and ability to make this work a 
success were Robert Manning, Major R. P. Johnston, Rev. A. M. 
Dunstan, Major Thomas H. Madigan, Jr., Capt. Neil Loynachan, 
Lieut. Frank J. Abbott, Sergeant Francoeur, Capt. P. J. Lynch, and 
First Boatswain's Mate Harry Percival. ^ 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 73 

Mr. Knox, in the midst of all this active work, had applied for 
admission to the Officers' Training Camp, and, having been accepted, 
tendered to the Committee on Public Safety his resignation as Chair- 
man of the Recruiting Committee, and his place was, for a short time, 
taken by Major Robert P. Johnston of Manchester, under whose 
direction a fourth recruiting tour was made. This trip included 
Raymond, Epping, Dover, Kingston, Hampton Falls, Portsmouth, 
Salmon Falls, Somersworth, Newmarket, Newfields, Exeter, Chester, 
Salem and Durham, and was commenced by a rousing meeting on 
Merrimack Commom. 

When the final count was made of the enrollment cards which had 
been signed as a result of these four recruiting tours and of the state- 
wide organization, it was found that 1,297 men had signified their 
willingness to answer the call of the Nation. Of these, the majority, 
771, gave preference to the National Guard. The next in point of 
favor was the Navy, which enrolled 340, followed by the Army with 
126, and the Marine Corps with 60. 

Further efforts to arouse patriotic feeling were made by sending out 
the following letter in the hope that it would bring the public to a 
keener realization of the war : 

May 19, 1917. 
Dear Sir: 

The Committee on Recruiting has, as you know, conducted an energetic campaign 
during the past month, having held enthusiastic rallies in fifty-two towns scattered over 
the state. Meetings of the same nature are already planned to be held next week in 
sixteen additional towns in Rockingham County. 

Hearty co-operation has been given us by the local representatives of the committee 
in towns visited but we are in need of still more vigorous and state-wide activity. 

Where no rallies have been held, we would suggest that you arrange a local rally, 
securing some speaker for the occasion and doing all you can to arouse interest and 
create an atmosphere charged with patriotism. We stand ready to help you in any 
way possible and the enrollment cards which may be signed should be sent in to this 
office at once. 

With the National Guard still lacking 745 men of its full peace strength and the Navy 
more than 700 short of the required number we should furnish, we are not in an enviable 
position. At this date New Namsphire stands next to the last state on the list in the 
recruiting of oiu* Navy and this record must be speedily altered if our reputation for 
patriotism is to remain intact. 

WTiat New Hampshire has done in the past will not avail much to the present genera- 
tion if it fails to rally its men now for the greatest struggle Democracy has ever waged. 
It is none the less a bitter and a desperate conflict because it does not lie at our very door. 
We are called upon to hasten to the aid of a brave and valiant people who have already 
borne too long the burden of this struggle. Let us not delay in contributing our full 
share to their support and to the defense of freedom and democracy. 

Will you to this end follow out oiu" suggestions and try to have yoiu* town do its part 



74 NEW HAMPSHffiE COMMITTEE 

in raising New Hampshire to the place where she belongs in this national crisis, sending 
those who are fit to the firing line, and seeing that the men who are needed on the farms 
carry their share of the biu-den. 

Very truly yours, 

Robert P. Johnston. 
Chairman of Committee on Recruiting. 

Mr. Johnston, however, was unable to devote a great deal of time to 
the work, and as the possibilities of such a committee began to develop 
on rather a large scale, Mr. A. B. Jenks of Manchester was appointed 
chairman. This was considered especially advisable, as Mr. Johnston 
was already chairman of Hillsboro County. 

Mr. Knox's office was very generously placed at the disposal of the 
Recruiting Committee for any period during which it might serve 
their purpose, but it was deemed advisable, as the scope of the work 
increased, to secure an oflSce on Elm Street. Accordingly, a large 
office at 828 Elm Street was rented, and the headquarters were 
moved there on June 1. 

Mr. Jenks's first undertaking was an extensive campaign planned 
for Registration Day, June 5. The following letter was sent out: 

Telephone 1800. 
Dear Sir: 

Having been appointed by the State Executive Committee on Public Safety, Chair- 
man of the State Public Safety Recruiting Committee, I have been in conference with 
Gov. Henry W. Keyes and Adjutant General Howard and I have their hearty approval 
of the following plan : 

First, I may state it is necessary to recruit our State National Guard to war strength 
immediately. New Hampshire is far behind in this work and there is urgent need of 
quick action, and it is our patriotic duty to help make the following plan a success. 

The Chairman of the Recruiting Committee in every city and town (and this means 
you) is asked to immediately appoint such other members on the Committee as you feel 
necessary to carry out the following plan of work: 

On Tuesday of next week, June 5, which is Registration Day, your Committee is 
asked to establish a Recruiting stand in every place of Registration in your town or city 
during the horns of Registration to secure as many enrollments during the day as 
possible. You should arrange to have as many members of your committee engaged in 
this work as may seem, in your judgment, wise. I would say there should not be less 
than three at any time (and six would be better) . You might add two or three young 
ladies, whose work would be very effective, to talk with these young men after they 
register, and try to get them to enroll in the State National Guard. We must have 
our State National Guard filled by voluntary enlistment, or the Governor will have 
to make a draft, and New Hampshire don't want this procedure. 

It is the patriotic duty of the best citizens in your community to aid in this work and 
make June 5 a memorable day for New Hampshire. 

Now that you have the outline of the plan, I sincerely hope you will begin immediately 
to get your committee and make yoiu- arrangements. You should have a table and 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 75 

chairs with plenty of pens and ink. I will send you in due time badge to be worn by 
your committee, blanks for enrollment and further instructions. Please sign and re- 
tiu-n the enclosed card at once. 

Respectfully yoiu-s, 

(Sig.) A. B. Jenks, Chairman. 
Manchester, N. H., 
May 28, 1917. 

The card referred to was a postal bearing on the back the following: 

I will follow your suggestions as to Recruiting Plan for June 5th. You may send me 
. . . .badges for Recruiting Committee. 

Signed 

Town 



Sign This Card and Mail Today. 

This plan met with a hearty response from most of the chairmen. 

Mr. Jenks's suggestion that these committees in the various towns 
should be supplemented by women was given more weight by a re- 
quest from the Woman's Committee of the Council of National De- 
fense, with the approbation of President Wilson and Secretary Baker, 
asking that copies of President Wilson's message to Congress upon the 
declaration of war should be distributed to all men who presented 
themselves for registration. This request came to the temporary 
chairman of the New Hampshire branch, Miss Anne White Hobbs, at 
whose request the New Hampshire Equal Suffrage Association re- 
sponded in many places to the appeal for this particular duty and 
were present at the registration booths all day on June 5. By this 
means, thousands of copies of this inspiring message were placed in the 
hands of the young men of the state who were of draft age. 

Packages of enrollment cards and badges bearing appropriate in- 
scription for the recruiting officers were sent out to each chairman. 
The matter was widely advertised in about fifty papers of the state. 
The advertisement was almost full-page in size and carried at the head 
pictures of Washington, Lincoln and President Wilson with the 
Capitol in the back-ground, below which was the following: 

YOUNG MEN OF NEW HAMPSHIRE 

Your COUNTRY calls YOU to Service 

THE NATIONAL GUARD OF NEW HAMPSHIRE MUST BE RECRUITED TO 
WAR STRENGTH AND YOU ARE ASKED TO ENLIST 

On Tuesday, June 5th Your Duty Should Be 

REGISTRATION DAY PLAIN 



76 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

Below this were figures representing the soldiers of '76, '61, and of 
'17, clasping hands. To the right of this was the following: 

"If on next Tuesday you sign an enrollment card in addition to registering, you wiU 
have done, by this loyal act, your full duty to your State and to your Country. 

"After you have registered, see the Recruiting Committee and enroll for service in the 
New Hampshire National Guard." 

and to the left: 

"At every Registration Place throughout the State there will be a Recruiting Com- 
mittee to explain the divisions of service for which recruits are wanted. 

" On Tuesday next, June 5, when you go to register make up your mind you will take 
the whole step and enroll in the New Hampshire National Guard. Be identified with a 
volunteer company." 

Mr. Jenks requested that the returns should be sent in promptly on 
June 6, and preparations had been made in the office to list these 
enrollments as fast as received on large charts, each chart representing 
a county, so that it was possible to see at a glance just what results had 
been obtained in every town of the state, and showing also what 
branches of the service the men had chosen. 

A system was inaugurated in the very beginning of the Committee's 
work, by which a daily report was sent to the Adjutant General, and 
to the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps Recruiting Offices, of all names 
which had been received for their particular branch of service. In the 
case of the National Guard, the Adjutant General gave these names 
to his examining officers, who visited, as soon as possible, the to"s\Tis, 
and gave these men their physical examination. With the Army, 
Navy and the Marine Corps, it was different, and applicants for any 
of these branches of the service were requested by those in authority 
to present themselves at the nearest recruiting station for their branch, 
to take the examination. By this means the work of the Public Safety 
Recruiting Committee was planned to be immediately followed by 
that of the military authorities, so that the enthusiasm or patriotism 
which had been aroused by one means or another, should crystallize in 
the form of actual enlistment. 

As a result of this campaign, more than 2,000 enrollment cards were 
signed, preference again being given to the National Guard, and the 
other branches of the service in the order before named. Most of 
these returns were made very promptly, although there were naturally 
scattering cards returned during a period which covered several weeks. 
The results were considered very gratifying and were thought to have 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 77 

fully warranted the considerable expense involved. Letters of thanks 
were sent out to all the chairmen on June 27, and the office was kept 
busy looking up individual cases and sending out to different towns 
information regarding particular branches of the service, such as the 
Quartermaster's Department, Ambulance Corps, Truck Companies, 
Aviation Corps, Hospital Corps, etc. 

About this time, word came from the Department of the Northeast 
that New Hampshire was to recruit a Quartermaster's Reserve Corps, 
which should consist of 204 men, including wagon masters and their 
assistants, clerks, chauffeurs, harness makers, horseshoers, black- 
smiths, storekeepers, stenographers, and cooks. This part of the 
work was undertaken and very efficiently carried on by Major Robert 
P. Johnston. Most of the work was conducted from Mr. Johnston's 
home, but application blanks were also given out and information 
supplied by the Recruiting Committee. The examinations of these 
applicants were held at the Armory, and the Corps was very quickly 
filled, leaving the applications of many men on file for consideration in 
case a second Corps should be recruited at some later time. 

The next call to which the Recruiting Office responded was that of 
the President for volunteers for the regular Army, and the week of 
June 25 being set aside for that purpose by the President, the efforts of 
the State work were centered for that period on this object. A big 
demonstration was planned for Nashua, to which the Mayor gave his 
hearty co-operation and aid, but unfortunately, a severe storm pre- 
vented the plan from being carried out. In Manchester it was thought 
that the best way to bring the matter before the public, aside from 
newspaper publicity, was to take the audiences which were to be found 
already gathered in the theatres, and present the subject to them. 
The week's campaign was really started on Saturday evening, June 23, 
when Mr. A. B. Jenks spoke to the large crowds assembled in the 
pavilion at Massabesic Lake. As Mr. Jenks left for the West the 
following morning further arrangements for the week were made by 
Mrs. Annie Sa-s\i:elle, who was appointed by Mr. Johnston to under- 
take this work. The manager of every theatre in town was inter- 
viewed, and all consented readily to permit a short speech to be made 
at some proper point in their program. As the result of this arrange- 
ment, the needs of the regular Army and the desirability of volunteer- 
ing was brought before the Manchester public every night during the 
week of June 25. The speakers were A. B. Jenks, Robert P. Johnston, 
Mrs. Sarah E. Council, Capt. E. E. Bennett, Robert Manning, George 



78 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

L. Kibbee, Thomas H. Madigan, Jr., C. D. Barnard, Ex-Mayor C. C. 
Hayes, David W. Perkins, and J. A. Broderick. 

The following letter was sent to all the newspapers of the state: 

June 25. 1917. 
Dear Sir: 

Will you kindly aid, through the columns of your paper, in the form of stories and 
editorial comment, the recruiting for the regular Army, which has been called for by 
President Wilson's proclamation to be furthered by a special drive this week. 

New Hampshire lacks 569 men for the regular Army and must recruit at least 100 
men daily, if she is to make good at the final roll call of the States on Saturday night. 
Your County should provide .... men, and so far has enlisted only .... 
Thanking you for this valuable assistance, I remain. 
Very respectfully yours, 

A. B. Jenks, 
Chairman. 

It was also requested that the matter should be mentioned in the 
churches on June 24. 

The response to this appeal, however, was not very satisfactory. 
Reports came from many towns that the general feeling was that, 
inasmuch as the draft system had been adopted, it s'hould prevail and 
the call for volunteers was untimely. In some of the smaller towns, 
the chairman took the pains to visit every man of draft age in the town 
but without success. The fact that sufficient notice of this recruiting 
week was not given, to allow any extensive preparation for the work, 
also militated against its success. 

About this time the committee was requested by the Department of 
the Northeast to undertake recruiting for New Hampshire's quota of 
the Second Officers' Training Camp, 72 men being the number allotted 
to this state for these camps. This duty was also accepted, and 500 
application blanks were received at the office. 

The Adjutant General had been requested to supply the Recruiting 
Office with information as to the number of men enlisted in the Na- 
tional Guard from each town in the state. Capt. E. E. Bennett was 
asked to supply the same information regarding enlistments in the 
regular Army, and as soon as these facts were received, a letter was sent 
to every town stating just how many men that town should provide for 
these branches of the service and how many had actually enlisted up 
to that time. This, of course, with a strong appeal that the chairmen 
should do all in their power to fill the quota. It was found that 28 
towns in the state had filled their quota for the National Guard and 
the Army. These towns were: Antrim, Ashland, Brookline, Derry, 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 79 

Exeter, Franklin, Hancock, Harrisville, Haverhill, Hill, Hudson, 
Keene, Laconia, Langdon, Lebanon, Litchfield, Manchester, Milford, 
Nashua, Newmarket, Sandown, Stratham, Sunapee, Tilton, Unity, 
Warner, Weare, and Whitefield. 

Following the receipt of this circular letter, numerous decided pro- 
tests came in, stating that many more men were enlisted from certain 
towns than were credited to those towns, and the office was kept busy 
straightening out these tangled threads. The discrepancies proved to 
be due in practically every case to the fact that men had enlisted at a 
rally in some other town and had failed to give their home town as their 
place of residence. The small farming communities were naturally 
especially anxious to get full credit for every enlistment. It was 
thought for a time that perhaps the town might be made the unit when 
the draft allotments came, but Governor Keyes could not arrange 
this, and the larger unit, the county, was decided upon. 

Wide publicity was given to the fact that men of the right type were 
urged most earnestly to seek admittance to the Second Officers' 
Training Camp. The newspapers in all parts of the State, throughout 
the entire work of the Committee, gave their most hearty co-operation 
in everything which they undertook to bring before the public. At 
first, applications came in slowly, owing to the fact that undue stress 
had been laid upon the desirability of men being at least thirty-one 
years of age, and also that it was desirable for them to have had 
military training. This deterred many men who possessed really fine 
qualifications, and when it was found that the clause referred to had 
been productive of such undesirable results and that very few men 
were seeking admission to the Camp, it was made known in every 
possible way that younger men might very easily possess the necessary 
qualifications to make good officers and that such men should not 
hesitate to apply in spite of either youth or lack of previous military 
experience. As soon as this correction was made, the applications 
came in in greater numbers, and resulted finally in more than 225 being 
filed. 

Since many of the military surgeons had been called out of the 
state, the Adjutant General found himself handicapped in the ex- 
amination of men who had enrolled for service in the National Guard, 
and as the time of mobilization, July 25, drew near, many men 
were found, scattered over the state, who had not yet been examined 
by the surgeons. Accordingly the following letter was sent out on 
July 19: 



80 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

Dear Sir: 

As the time set for the draft draws near, we feel that, as your town has not filled its 
quota for the National Guard and the Army, a little attention given to this matter just 
now might bring good results. 

If you feel that there is any last thing which you can do to further the work of our 
committee, we are sure that your patriotism will prompt you to do it at once, as in a 
short time the opportunity for just this sort of service will have passed. 

If there are any men in your town who have enrolled for the National Guard and have 
not yet been examined, they will have to report at the mobilization camp in Concord on 
the 27th or 28th of July for this examination as the examining surgeons cannot visit 
your town, and if they are accepted, they can enlist at once. None but single men are 
accepted either in the Guard or in the Army. 

The work done by our local chairmen has been most praiseworthy, and thanking you 
for your part in it, I remain. 

Very respectfully yours, 

A. B. Jenks, 
Chairman. 

As the work of the Committee drew near its end, an effort was made 
to get all of the exact information possible regarding actual results 
accomplished in the way of enlistments through the activities of the 
Committee. Capt. E. E. Bennett of the regular Army, stationed in 
Portland and having charge of the recruiting for New Hampshire, 
reported that, of the 349 names which had passed through his hands, 
82 men had enlisted and 50 were not accounted for, the remainder 
presumably having failed to pass the examination. Besides this num- 
ber Sergeant Bloom, who had been sent out on a recruiting tour, re- 
ported that he secured in Littleton twenty-three men through the 
assistance of Charles E. Gosselin, the local Chairman, and that 
William A. Lewis of Lancaster was at that time aiding him materially 
in his work. 

Chief Boatswain's Mate Harry Percival, in charge of the Naval 
Recruiting Office in Manchester, stated that the Committee had been 
instrumental in securing for him 119 men. Major Huey, in command 
of the Marine Corps in Portsmouth, reported 57. 

The greatest number of enrollments was for the National Guard, 
and here the greatest difficulty was encountered in securing exact 
figures. On July 24 the infantry was reported to have 1,842, the 
cavalry 91, the battery 190, the field hospital 79, the signal corps 75, 
and the coast artillery 686, a total of 2,963, showing an increase in 
enlistment of 1,148. 

It would be difficult to enumerate the great variety of information 
that was asked for at the ofiice of the Committee. There were weeks 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 81 

when the small office force was kept more than busy all day long with 
correspondence, telephone calls, and personal interviews. In a small 
way, the office might be said to have constituted the general bureau of 
information, and toward the end of its activities, it was realized that 
it might have filled even more completely that particular sphere, owing 
to the fact that the various military and naval organizations seemed 
to be familiar only with their own particular branch. 

The total number of names which passed through the office, in the 
form of enrollment cards, during its entire operation was 634 for the 
Navy, 349 for the Army, 136 for the Marine Corps, and 2,227 for the 
National Guard, making a grand total of 3,346 for all four branches of 
the service. 



VIII 

HYGIENE, MEDICINE AND SANITATION 

The Sub-Committee on Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation had for 
its Chairman Dr. John M. Gile of Hanover, Dean of the Dartmouth 
Medical School, former President of the New Hampshire Medical 
Society and former member of the Council of the Governor of New 
Hampshire. 

The functions of this sub-committee were: 

"In co-operation with military and other pertinent authorities to make plans and 
effect organization for the purpose of maintaining an extraordinary watchfulness over 
the general health of communities; to assist in the maintenance of the health of the 
state troops and of the Home Guard; in the establishment of sanitary conditions in 
state camps; in the enlistment for active service of suitable skill; and to assist in the 
establishment, maintenance and administration of hospitals." 

The Committee on Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation held its first 
meeting in Room 156, State House, Concord, on April 13, 1917, and 
practically every member was present. The following matters were 
discussed and acted upon. 

First: The request of the Navy Department for the immediate 
graduation from Class A, Medical Schools, of those students who 
secure appointments to the Reserve Corps; the protection of their 
standing when they return; and the possibility of beginning the next 
session of the schools at the close of the present session and the gradua- 
tion of the class of 1918 in January, Shortly after the declaration of 
war it appeared that the government would call upon certain medical 
schools to maintain a session continuously through the summer and 
thus graduate another class earlier than its regular time. Such men, 
it appeared, would come in conflict with the law of New Hampshire 
for licensing of physicians, and should men thus graduated ahead of 
time later apply for license in New Hampshire they would, under the 
then existing law, have to be rejected. The law of the State, under 
which the Board of Medical Examiners acted, specified that the medi- 
cal training of men who applied for license to practice should have 
included four periods of nine months each in four different years. 
The Committee took this matter under consideration and succeeded in 
getting a bill passed by the Legislature in the last two days of its 

82 ^ 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 83 

session that gave the Board of Medical Examiners authority to make 
special exception in the cases of men thus graduated. The following 
is a copy of the bill: 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court convened: 

Section 1. Amend paragraph 4 of Section 7 of Chapter 167 of the Laws of 1915 by 
adding at the end thereof the following: The provisions of this paragraph may be sus- 
pended in whole or in part by order of the board of medical examiners on account of war 
or other threatened or existing national calamity, so that said paragraph as amended 
shall read as follows: (4) Has studied the treatment of human ailments not less than 
four school years of not less than nine months each, in a medical school registered as 
maintaining at that time a standard satisfactory to the board, and has graduated from 
such school. The provisions of this paragraph may be suspended in whole or in part 
by order of the board of medical examiners on account of war or other threatened or 
existing calamity. 

Sec. 2. This act shall take effect upon its passage. 

According to this bill the four periods of nine months need not be 
in four different years. 

Second: Securing medical men for the Medical Officers' Reserve 
Corps of Navy and Army, and protection of their practice while 
in service; free care of the families of enlisted men during their absence. 
A committee was appointed to present these subjects to the next 
meeting of the New Hampshire Medical Society. 

Third: A committee was appointed to forward a movement among 
the dentists to mobilize and secure enlistments to the Dental Reserve 
Corps or other organizations. 

The following topics were discussed but not acted upon: (1) Civil 
side of war sanitation; (2) mobilizing health officers and departments; 
(3) control of non-military concentration camps; (4) co-operation with 
military officers; (5) medical supervision of industrial workers; (6) 
formation of Sanitary Reserve Corps; (7) securing opportunity for 
preliminary examinations of recruits to help eliminate the unfit; (8) 
the starting of sanitary training detachments in mills. 

At the meeting of the New Hampshire Medical Society held on 
May 16, 1917, the following resolution was presented by Dr. Fred S. 
Towle of Portsmouth, and passed: 

Be it Resolved, That during the continuance of the present war it is the duty of 
those who do not enter upon active service to conserve in every way in their power the 
practice of those who do, and to restore said practice to the men in service on their 
return; and that some proper pro rating should be made during a man's absence of the 
fees collected from those recognized as belonging to his regular clientele. WTiile the 
Society realizes that no exact plan for the accomplishment of the above purposes can 
be devised, it believes that if every man will approach the matter in the spirit of true 
patriotic devotion, the general measiu-e will be in a large degree achieved. 



84 NEW HAMPSHffiE COMMITTEE 

A year before the United States entered the war the American 
Medical Association had appointed a committee known as the Com- 
mittee of American Physicians for Medical Preparedness. In addi- 
tion to a national committee, the Association had also established a 
committee in each state, and by good fortune, the Chairman of the 
New Hampshire Committee was the same person as the Chairman of 
the Sub-Committee of the New Hampshire Committee on Public 
Safety. 

On the first of March, 1917, the organization set up by the American 
Medical Association was recognized by the Council of National De- 
fense as an accredited committee of the Medical Section of the Council. 
Two chief functions were assigned to this section: (1) To secure 
enlistments in the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps ; and (2) to take an 
inventory of hospitals existing in the United States. 

Early in the same month the Committee of American Physicians 
instructed each State Committee to appoint a County Committee of 
five in each county having a population of 10,000 or more, and assign 
to the County Committee the duty of securing or encouraging enlist- 
ments. Such a committee was appointed in each county in the State 
of New Hampshire, and immediately sent circulars to all physicians 
and surgeons within the age limits, giving instructions to them as to 
methods to be pursued with reference to enlistment and urging enlist- 
ment upon as many as could possibly leave their home practice. 

The State Committee of the Medical Section of the Council of 
National Defense and the Sub-Committee of the New Hampshire 
Committee on Public Safety were found to have many duties in com- 
mon, and the membership in the two was to a considerable extent 
identical. For these reasons the two committees were able to work 
together in harmony and even to hold joint meetings. 

The first joint meeting was held in the State House, Concord, on 
June 4, under the chairmanship of Dr. John M. Gile, Chairman of 
both committees. The meeting first discussed the question of organi- 
zation raised by the Council of National Defense in a letter of May 
24 addressed to the Chairman of the State Committees of the Commit- 
tee of American Physicians. It was decided, however, that no 
change in organization was at present necessary inasmuch as both 
bodies represented at the meeting were working in complete harmony. 
Moreover, since the chairman of both committees was the same 
person, it resulted that the activities of the two bodies could be cor- 
related to excellent advantage. Somewhat later the feeling developed 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 85 

that a closer union would be the means of greater effectiveness, and 
at a second joint meeting, held on August 1, 1917, the two committees 
were formally amalgamated, with Dr. Gile as Chairman and Dr. D. E. 
Sullivan of Concord as Secretary. An Executive Committee was 
appointed consisting of the Chairman, Secretary, William A. Young 
of Concord, H. K. Faulkner of Keene, T. W. Luce of Portsmouth and 
Frank E. Kittredge of Nashua. 

The next question discussed at the meeting of June 4 related to the 
conservation of the practice of physicians absent from home on mili- 
tary duty, and the adequate protection of the health of the State ; and 
it was voted that one physician in each town or community in the 
state be appointed to call a meeting of all the physicians in his locality 
for the purpose of drawing up and publishing in the local papers an 
agreement to conserve the practice of any physicians absent from 
home on military duty; and that the Chairman and two others ap- 
pointed by him nominate the persons to call such meetings. The 
Chairman appointed Dr. Emdon Fritz of Manchester, and Dr. 
Charles R. Walker of Concord. 

In accordance with the opinion of the State Committee the County 
Medical Societies were requested to pass the following resolutions: 

Resolved, That during the continuance of the present war it is the duty of those who 
do not enter upon active service to conserve in every way in their power the practice of 
those who do, and to restore said practice to the men in the service on their return; 
and that some pro rating should be made during a man's absence of the fees collected 
from those recognized as belonging to his regular clientele. While the society realizes 
that no exact plan for the accomplishment of the above purposes can be devised, it 
believes that if every man will approach the matter in the spirit of true patriotic devo- 
tion, the general measure will be in a large degree achieved. 

County representatives met on September 27 and reached the 
definite decision to "recommend to the physicians throughout the 
state that of all the money received from professional attendance on 
persons recognized as patients of a physician now in the service of 
the Country's defense, one-third should be paid to the physician or 
his family." It was suggested that a notice to this effect be displayed 
in a conspicuous place in each physician's office. 

It was also voted that the Chairman and Dr. D. E. Sullivan of Con- 
cord circularize the physicians of the state: first, to find out how many 
physicians had already joined the Medical Officers' Reserve Corps; 
and second, after that information was secured, to communicate with 
a selected group of those not already enlisted and endeavor to induce 



86 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

them to seek enlistment. As a result of this vote, the following letter 
was sent to the physicians of the state: 

Dear Doctor: 

The Sub-Committee of the State Committee of Safety on Hygiene, Medicine and 
Sanitation desires to secure for file and statistical purposes the names of all physicians in 
New Hampshire who have received their commission in the Medical Officers' Reserve 
Corps, together with the rank held. 

Will you, therefore, kindly make prompt response to the following questions: 

(1) Have you been commissioned as a Medical Officer in the United States Army 
or Navy? 

(2) Of what rank? 

(3) If you have not received commission, have you made application and taken 
examinations? 

(4) If you have not done so, are you so situated that it would be possible for you? 
The need for men in this service is becoming very pressing and New Hampshire's 

quota is far from full. It seems obvious that within a year the governjment will require 
one out of every four men in practice for service, and all towns and cities having in 
practice in their midst four men or more should endeavor to secure for this service the 
above mentioned proportion. It is especially desirable that the younger men who have 
not as yet acquired large personal and community responsibilities should make generous 
response to this call; particularly since it is certain that with the prospect of rapid ad- 
vancement such service will inevitably be an advantage rather than a detriment to their 
future career. 

Let the response to this call prove that New Hampshire medical men are awake to 
the great urgency of a world condition. 

Very truly yours, 

(S) John M. Gile, Chairman. 
D. E. Sullivan, Secretary. 

A committee of three was appointed, to be called a Committee on 
Publicity, to inform the people of the State concerning the arrange- 
ments made to maintain the practice of absent physicians and to 
endeavor to gain their co-operation in carrying the system into effect. 
The three men appointed were R. W. Husband, Chairman, Dr. 
William A. Young, Concord, and Dr. W. T. Crosby, Manchester. 
Conferences between the chairman of this special committee and the 
oflBcers developed the belief that nothing could be accomplished by 
publicity of the kind contemplated. The many difficulties involved 
led the officers to relieve the special committee of the duties which 
had been assigned to it. 

A committee of three, Ernest L. Bell of Plymouth, James B. Wood- 
man of Franklin, Daniel G. Norton of Manchester, was appointed to 
consider the formation of a Red Cross Ambulance Corps in New 
Hampshire. It was suggested to the Red Cross, the medical ofiicers 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 87 

of the New Hampshire National Guard and the Medical Reserve 
officers that their representatives participate in the work of this 
special committee, and if it should be decided that such Ambulance 
Corps be created, to assist in securing volunteers to enter the service 
in this manner. The plan found favor with all the New Hampshire 
organizations concerned, and a request was made to the War Depart- 
ment for permission to form a company to be known as the New 
Hampshire Company. The War Department replied that they did 
not look with favor upon the formation of ambulance companies 
apart from the regular Army Ambulance Corps, and for this reason 
no further effort was made either to raise funds or to secure the per- 
sonnel for such company. 

Through the efforts of the joint committee, the physicians of the 
State were organized for the prompt physical examination of recruits 
for the National Guard, the Regular Army and the National Army in 
case the army officers in charge of physical examinations should at 
any time require their assistance. These voluntary examiners were 
called upon by the officers of the New Hampshire National Guard for 
assistance in making examinations. When the National Army was 
being formed, the Department of War appointed its owti examining 
physicians in connection with each Local Board, and did not require 
the service of the physicians who had volunteered to act in this 
capacity. 

Many of the dentists in the State, of whom several were members 
of this committee, not only secured recruits for the Dental Corps of 
the Army, but also very generously set aside a certain amount of 
their time each week for the treatment of teeth in the case of men who 
wished to enlist but were prevented by dental conditions. It has 
been estimated that throughout the United States the service thus 
rendered free by the dentists would, under normal conditions, have 
cost approximately one million dollars; and it is safe to assume that 
New Hampshire dentists bore at least their part of the labor involved 
and the expense entailed. 

For several months the chief work undertaken by the Committee 
of Physicians was that of recruiting for the Medical Officers' Reserve 
Corps, and later for medical officers in the United States Army. These 
efforts continued even to midsummer, 1918. 

Early in June 1917, the New Hampshire Committee was informed 
that it was necessary for the United States to bring its Medical Corps 
up to a strength of 40,000, and that New Hampshire still needed to 



88 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

enlist fifty physicians in order to fill its quota. Thereupon an investi- 
gation was made of the physicians still practising in the State who had 
not entered the service, and a careful enumeration was made of the 
medical resources of each section of the State. Upon the basis of this 
investigation certain physicians were selected who were definitely 
and strongly urged to enter the service. To each of these physicians 
a letter was sent, of which the following is the concluding paragraph: 

" You were one of the men found eligible, and the enclosed questionnaire is sent you 
with the request that you will fill it out and send it within the prescribed time to the 
office of the secretary. Fifty New Hampshire doctors must apply for commissions 
before July 1. You are one of the doctors selected to have that honor." 

The definiteness of this letter and the urgency of the appeal had 
their reward so that New Hampshire's quota was readily filled. By 
the end of the war there were 155 New Hampshire physicians who 
had obtained commissions in the Army or Navy. 

The next undertaking of the Committee was in connection with the 
circulation of information regarding the spread of venereal diseases. 
The Department of War, and particularly the office of the Provost 
Marshal General, urged that each state take most active and ener- 
getic measures to inform the people regarding the rapid spread of 
these diseases in camps and through the civilian population. In 
accordance with the desire of the Department of War, the New 
Hampshire Committee, in March, 1918, passed the following resolu- 
tion: "That the New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety be 
advised that its Sub-Committee on Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation 
recommends and urges the distribution of printed matter on venereal 
diseases to all men placed in Class 1 by the Local Boards, and to 
others later, and that the envelopes containing the pamphlets be 
marked 'personal.'" Following the suggestion of the sub-committee, 
copies of a pamphlet called "Keep in Fighting Trim" were sent to all 
men who had been accepted for service. 

In April, 1918, the Children's Bureau, Washington, inaugurated a 
campaign to last for one year in the interest of better health among 
the children of the country. It was planned to take a census of all 
children five years of age and under and endeavor to secure certain 
facts regarding the physical condition of these children. It was hoped 
that when the information was collected, a definite health program 
could be inaugurated which might lead to more intelligent care of the 
great mass of our children. In addition to the information desired 
by the Children's Bureau, the New Hampshire Committee felt that 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 89 

certain other facts might be obtained which would be of very definite 
service in the inauguration of a campaign of this nature and be of 
interest also to the State Board of Health. The taking of the census 
and the filling in of the so-called "weighing and measuring" cards 
were assigned by the Children's Bureau to the State Woman's Com- 
mittee. At a joint meeting of the Committee of Physicians and 
representatives of the New Hampshire Woman's Committee, it was 
decided that a certain series of questions should be printed and the 
answers filled out by the local representatives of the Woman's Com- 
mittee, and both the cards from the Children's Bureau and the special 
state cards should be returned to state headquarters. Thereupon the 
results were to be analyzed under the direction of the State Committee 
of Physicians and plans laid for the inauguration of a health campaign. 
The census cards were filled out, the weighing and measuring was 
done, the results tabulated, and the cards were all deposited in the 
office of the Committee on Public Safety. Before this was completed, 
however, the war was over and many activities necessary for the 
analysis planned had already ceased. 

One further topic discussed by the state committee had reference 
to the problem of combating tuberculosis in the state. The Commit- 
tee in this matter worked through the New Hampshire Anti-Tubercu- 
losis Association, whose secretary. Dr. Robert B. Kerr of Manchester, 
prepared a full and excellent program of work for the Association to 
last throughout the period of the war. The lines of work undertaken 
by Dr. Kerr were: (1) A campaign for increasing the appreciation on 
the part of the public and the military authorities of the importance 
of tuberculosis as a war prolilem; (2) The development of anti-tuber- 
culosis machinery in New Hampshire; (3) Improved method in the 
examining of recruits and supervision of those rejected because of 
tuberculosis; (4) Establishment of tuberculosis hospitals and sana- 
toriums; (5) Control of tuberculosis in the civil population ; (6) Creation 
of medical and nursing forces to meet the war tuberculosis problem. 
The admirable work accomplished by the New Hampshire Anti- 
Tuberculosis Association is deserving of the highest praise, and 
particularly when the obstacles in the way were so numerous and 
almost insurmountable. One of the greatest difficulties encountered 
by the Association was that of securing information regarding those 
who had been discharged by the military authorities owing to tuber- 
culosis. In the accomplishment of this task, the Secretary of the 
Association evolv-ed a plan, in conjunction with Mrs. R. W. Husband, 



90 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

Field Representative of the American Red Cross in New Hampshire, as 
follows: "The Association sends a letter to the Home Service worker 
in the man's home town asking her to make a complete investigation. 
Enclosed with the letter is a social history blank, which the Home 
Service worker is requested to fill out and return to the State War 
Historian. Upon its receipt it is possible to determine what particular 
aid the man needs and to render appropriate assistance in each case." 
All cases which thus came to the notice of the Secretary of the Associa- 
tion were handled with skill and excellent results. 

This concludes the narrative of the activities of the Committee on 
Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation; and it is fitting to append a letter 
of gratitude received from the Chairman of the General Medical 
Board of the Council of National Defense addressed to the State 
Chairman : 

Upon the signing of the armistice on November 11, 1918, the strenuous war time 
activities of the committees of the Medical Section of the Council of National Defense 
automatically ceased. As the unfinished business in the hands of the committees at 
that time is now approaching completion, you are hereb}^ notified of the termination of 
your war duties as a State Committeeman on April 1, 1919. 

Not until the history of our part in the great war is written will the people realize 
the important r61e the medical profession of the United States played in making our 
country a deciding factor in winning the war. Do you realize that in the year before 
our entry into the conflict the commissioned officers in the Medical Departments of 
the Army and Navy numbered less than five hundred in each service and that practi- 
cally 40,000 civilian doctors had been added to these two Corps by the time hostilities 
had ceased? When the story is told of the enrollment of these thousands of doctors, 
it must give the largest credit to our many state and county committees who labored 
so patriotically and continuously to carry out the recommendations of the organization 
under which they worked, the Council of National Defense, and thus aided the admin- 
istrative departments of the Surgeons General of the Army, the Navy, the Public 
Health Service and the Provost Marshal General. 

The work of these committees under the direction of the General Medical Board had 
to do with activities of which the following is a brief summary: Recruiting medical 
officers; standardization of medical and surgical supplies; co-operation in controlling 
venereal diseases; mobilizing five thousand dental surgeons; establishing committees on 
hygiene, sanitation, general surgery, orthopedic surgery, opthalmology, otology, rhinol- 
ogy, and larnygology, general medicine, nursing, women physicians and medical 
schools; organizing medical advisory boards; the study of industrial medicine; securing 
through individual classification of the members of the profession through the medium 
of the Volunteer Service Corps. 

I want you to know that those of us who have had the responsibility of organizing 
and enrolling the medical profession and resom-ces appreciate the value of your work 
and thank you for it from the bottom of our hearts. This includes the Secretary of the 
Navy who is one of its members and the President of the United States, who appointed 
the Council and on two occasions has said, in speaking of our state and country com- 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 91 

mittees: "Will you not be kind enough to convey to them a message of sincere appre- 
ciation from me of their services as authorized governmental agencies? . . . The 
health of the Army and Navy and the health of the country at large is due to the co- 
operation which the public authorities have had from the medical profession." 
Finally, in sending this communication to you after our two years in stressing work 
together, I want to thank you personally for your ever prompt response to my calls 
for help and for the evidence you have always shown me of your loyalty, fidelity and 
friendship. 

Yours very truly, 

Franklin Maetin. 



IX 

EMERGENCY HELP AND EQUIPMENT 

The Sub-Committee on Emergency Help and Equipment had for 
its chairman Louis H. Shattuck, of Manchester, President of the 
J. H. Mendell Company, and for its Vice-President Orton B. Brown, 
of Berlin, of the Brown Brothers Company. 

At the first meeting of the Committee, held on April 13, 1917, 
Charles A. Holden, Professor of Civil Engineering in Dartmouth 
College was elected Executive Secretary. 

The functions assigned to this sub-committee were : 

"To make a survey of the state with respect to bridges, dams, water works, and other 
public works, the maintenance of which is essential to the military and general welfare 
of the state; 

"To effect such organization and make such plans as will enable them at a few hours* 
notice to reconstruct bridges, dams, lay tracks, or perform other emergency engineering 
tasks of magnitude." 

Although not expressed in the statement of functions of the sub- 
committee the sole point in the mind of the Executive Committee in 
appointing such a group and in defining its functions was that appre- 
hension was felt lest disloyal persons or alien enemies might be 
tempted to do some material damage to those structures which were 
likely to be essential to the state and nation in the prosecution of the 
war. To guard against the possibility of injury from such sources, it 
was felt that an organization should be perfected which might readily 
adopt measures for repairing damage of this nature. 

At the first meeting of the sub-committee the state was divided into 
thirteen sections, in each of which one or more members of the sub- 
committee resided. The member of the sub-committee resident in each 
section was to assume charge of making a survey of his part of the 
state with respect to those public utilities which were specified in the 
functions of the sub-committee. 

A representative and an alternate was to be appointed in each city 
and town of the state, his work to be under the direction of the mem- 
ber of the sub-committee in charge of the section. The state was again 
divided into three districts, each to be supervised by an officer of the 
sub-committee specially charged with this duty. The northern 

92 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 93 

district, called District A, had for its manager Orton B. Brown, of 
Berlin, with an alternate, Robert Smith, of Berlin. The central dis- 
trict, called District B, had for its manager Omar S. Swenson, of 
Concord, with alternate, George L. Theobald. The Southern district, 
called District C, had for its manager Perry H. Dow, of Manchester, 
with alternate, Louis H. Shattuck. The representative of the sub- 
committee in each town was to collect information with reference to 
valuable equipment, material, labor, engineers and contractors within 
his territory. 

Forms were prepared and sent to the local representatives upon 
which they should make their report, one form for each kind of infor- 
mation called for by the sub-committee. The blanks were carefully 
made and when filled out contained extensive and very minute in- 
formation. The equipment inventory showed the names and addresses 
of those possessing building equipment, together with a description of 
such things as derricks, engines, boilers, cement mixers, jacks, trucks, 
pile drivers, pile hammers, and tools. The inventory of materials 
contained such items as beams, brick, cement, lumber of various kinds, 
nails, ropes, and crushed stone. The labor inventory showed the 
number employed as bridge erectors, carpenters, highway builders, 
masons, telephone linemen and water works builders. 

When this information had been gathered by the local representa- 
tives, it was forwarded to the state committee and transcribed upon 
specially colored cards designed for use in the classification and de- 
scription of the information that was received. 

Since this was emergency work, every efiFort was made to have the 
survey taken promptly and the reports submitted as quickly as 
possible. The work was completed within a period of about six weeks. 

For the purpose for which it was originally intended this whole 
enterprise practically proved to be unnecessary, for little damage was 
reported to any structure within the state in the whole period of the 
war. In fact, during the time while the United States was participat- 
ing in the conflict only one accident of the nature contemplated by 
the Committee on Public Safety occmred, and this could not be at- 
tributed to a design on the part of any individual. Investigation 
seemed to show that the breaking of the dam in question was due to 
natural causes. 

Through the period of the war the information thus gathered was 
kept on file in the office of the Committee on Public Safety. It was a 
splendid undertaking, which would have proved its value had any 



94 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

accident occurred. Moreover, it would have been a record thoroughly 
worthy of preservation in the state as an account of such material 
resources of the state in the spring of 1917, except for one fact. This 
fact is that, much to the regret of the sub-committee and of the Com- 
mittee on Public Safety, in certain spots in the state the survey was 
neglected, so that the results of the labor of the sub-committee will 
not be available as showing fully and completely the state's condition 
at that time. It is especially regrettable in view of the fact that a 
somewhat similar survey undertaken by the Committee on Industrial 
Survey was eminently successful and will constitute one of the best 
records of the state at that time available for future historians. 

In a letter sent to town representatives the procedure to be adopted 
in case of accident to any structure which was regarded as essential to 
the military and general welfare of the state was explained. It was 
stated in the letter that the Emergency Help and Equipment Com- 
mittee would take action only if the interested parties could not, or 
would not, adopt adequate methods for replacing the structure. The 
local representative was expected to telephone to the manager of his 
district immediately, informing him of the nature of the damage done 
and requesting instruction from the District Manager with reference 
to his duty. He was, however, informed that in case the damage was 
of such kind that additional loss would be done to the structure by 
delay, or affect seriously the plans of the state, he was expected to 
undertake some protective work immediately. Along with the letter 
a map of the state was sent to each local representative in which the 
state was divided into squares numbered on one side and lettered on 
the other, thus forming a basis for an adequate description of each 
small part of the state. For example, a local representative having 
his map before him might telephone to the District Manager, " There 
is a bridge destroyed in the northeastern part of Z-79." The Dis- 
trict Manager looking upon his map would know that the bridge 
destroyed was one in the central portion of the town of Stewartstown. 

An agreement was entered into between the Committee on Public 
Safety and the Governor of the state to the effect that the special 
committee on Emergency Help and Equipment might undertake re- 
pairs to structures involving an expenditure of less than $5,000, but 
that in case more serious damage was done the Governor and Council 
should be consulted before definite plans were laid for replacement or 
extensive repairs. By good fortune, no occasion arose for the use of 
the information filed by the sub-committee. It is quite possible that 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 95 

persons living in the state who may have had designs upon such of the 
structures as the sub-committee was taking charge of were deterred 
from their plans upon learning of the watchfulness of the committee, 
but it is much more probable that the guarding of vulnerable spots by 
guardsmen brought in from Massachusetts and Vermont was sufficient 
to prevent outrages of this kind. When these were withdrawn and 
the State Guard was formed, it would have been very difficult for any 
disloyal person to have committed an outrage without running the 
risk of speedy detection. It is, however, undoubtedly the case that 
the most potent factor in the situation was that little disloyalty existed 
and that whatever manifestations came to the attention of the com- 
mittee were immediately investigated by the Department of Justice. 
For these reasons, the state remained unharmed in all respects during 
the whole course of the war. 



X 

INDUSTRIAL SURVEY 

The Sub-Committee on Industrial Survey had for its chairman 
Frank H. Dixon, Professor of Economics at Dartmouth College. 
The functions assigned to the sub-committee were as follows : 

"To complete, so far as the industries of New Hampshire are concerned, the national 
industrial survey begun by the Naval Consulting Board; to make a survey of the exist- 
ing and potential military resources of the state; to advise with manufacturers concern- 
ing the production of supplies; and in general to deposit in the Records Bureau informa- 
tion for state and federal authorities concerning the uses in any exigency to which the 
industrial equipment and skilled workers of the state may be applied." 

The Committee held its first meeting in Room 156, State House, 
Concord, April 12, at which fifteen members of the Committee were 
present. Mr. Allan L. Priddy of Hanover was appointed Executive 
Secretary, and the Tuck School, Hanover, was designated as head- 
quarters of the Committee. The Tuck School placed at the disposal 
of the Committee filing facilities and other office equipment that 
would aid in the systematic and rapid handling of schedules such as it 
was expected that the Committee would receive from manufacturers 
in the state. 

In 1916 the Committee on Industrial Preparedness of the Naval Con- 
sulting Board in Washington made a survey of those manufacturing 
concerns of the United States which had an annual output of $100,000, 
or more. Two hundred and three concerns of New Hampshire had 
filed reports with the Committee on Industrial Preparedness, and the 
Committee on Industrial Survey asked permission of the manufac- 
turers of New Hampshire that an abridged copy of those reports might 
be made from the files at Washington. With but one exception, this 
permission was readily granted and an abstract of tlie records was 
made in Washington under the personal supervision of the Chair- 
man of the Committee. The records were filed at headquarters. The 
letter sent to these manufacturers was as follows : 

Dear Sir: 

As Chairman of the Committee on Industrial Survey — a sub-committee of the New 
Hampshire Committee on Public Safety — I am WTiting to request that you grant us per- 
mission to make copy of the return made by you last year to the Committee on Indus- 
trial Preparedness of the U. S. Naval Consulting Board. A post card is enclosed upon 

96 y 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 97 

which such authorization may be made. As the information was furnished confiden- 
tially, it will be impossible to obtain it from the Naval Board without authority from 
you. 

It is, of course, understood that the information collected by us is strictly confidential 
and to be used only in the interest of state and national defense. May I urge, in the 
public interest, a prompt and favorable reply to my request.' 

Yours truly, 

(Sig.) Frank H. Dixon, 

Chairman. 

An abridgement of the schedule of the Naval Consulting Board was 
prepared, practically identical with that used by the Massachusetts 
Committee on Public Safety. This new and abridged schedule was 
sent to between 400 and 500 of the manufacturing concerns in New 
Hampshire having an output of less than $100,000, with the following 
letter accompanying the schedule: 

To the Manufacturers of New Hampshire: 

An Industrial Survey is being undertaken by the Committee on Industrial Survey in 
order to make the manufacturing facilities of the state promptly available for state and 
national defense. 

You are therefore earnestly urged to fill out the enclosed blank as fully as possible. A 
partial return is better than no information. 

If you operate more than one plant, either within or without the state, we would like a 
separate return for each plant and will furnish you additional blanks on request. 

It is of course understood that the information collected by us is strictly confidential 
and to be used only in the interest of state and national defense. 

This Is a Patriotic Duty. Will You Not Kindly Attend to It Promptly? 

Yours very truly, 

(Sig.) Fr-vvk Haigh Dexon, 

Chairman. 

The response was very gratifying and every important industry and 
almost every concern of considerable size reported in full to the Com- 
mittee. 

The schedule sent out asked for information upon seven different 
topics. First, Business and Administrative, calling for the name, 
character of the organization, the post office address, number of plants 
and names of officers. Second: Plant, calling for information concern- 
ing location, number of buildings, surroundings, ground area, building 
construction, size of building, power and elevators. Third: Manu- 
facture and Production, including normal yearly slack season, principal 
products manufactured, and whether goods had been supplied for the 
army or navy during the preceding two years. Fourth: Labor, in- 
cluding number of clerical force, number of skilled and unskilled opera- 



98 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

lives, kind of work performed by women, number of hours per day, 
number of shifts per day, approximate percentage of employees who 
were not American citizens. Fifth: Transportation, including rail- 
road shipping point with trucking distance, car capacity of sidings in 
or adjacent to plant and shipping facilities by water. Sixth : Possible 
Future Arrangements, that is, whether the concern would consider 
accepting United States Army and Navy business in time of war, on 
cost plus reasonable profit basis, and whether the concern would favor 
the enrolling of skilled labor in an "Industrial Reserve." Seventh: 
Inventory, asking for a description in writing of the work for which 
equipment is best fitted, together with classes of tools and types of 
machinery or producing equipment. 

Each member of the committee undertook to secure in his own 
locality an accurate and complete census of inactive or abandoned 
plants, vacant buildings, unused machinery and unoccupied factory 
land. Much information was secured in this manner and filed at the 
headquarters of the committee. Among the original undertakings of 
the committee was the making of a classification of horses needed for 
war purposes and taking a census of the supply available in the state. 
For this purpose a special sub-committee was appointed, consisting of 
four members of the Committee on Industrial Survey. The sub- 
committee, however, discovered soon after beginning their work that 
an inquiry into the number of horses available in the state had a tend- 
ency to increase the price put upon horses by their owners. To avoid 
this fictitious and enhanced valuation of horses in the state, the com- 
mittee asked the Executive Committee to relieve them of this work, 
and the request was granted. 

It was believed that many automobiles, either touring cars or trucks, 
might prove to be of value in the interest of quick transportation and 
the committee undertook to secure from owners of motor vehicles 
offers to have their cars used in the public service. A letter was sent 
by the chairman of the committee to each local Committee on Public 
Safety in all the cities and towns in the state, with accompanying cards 
for the volunteer enrollment of motor vehicles. The following is a 
copy of the letter sent: 
To the Chairman of the Local Committee on Public Safety: 

We are sending you, under separate cover, cards for the Voluntary Enrollment of 
Motor Vehicles. It is our purpose to enroll the largest number of motor vehicles for 
volimtary service in such preparedness measures as may require their use. 

Will you be good enough to arrange for the effective distribution of these cards to all 
owners of motor vehicles in the Town of These cards, when filled 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 99 

out, should be returned by your committee to the Hanover office; returns to be made at 
least once each week. You will then be furnished a list of the cars enrolled in your town, 
in order that you may respond promptly to all local applications for motor transporta- 
tion. 

Each person who offers his car will receive a plate, which he may attach to the car as 
an indication that it has been enrolled for public service. These plates will be sent out 
from this office as rapidly as the enrollment cards are received. 

When cars are actually in service, they will carry a pennant to be provided by the 
Transportation Committee. We are authorized by the Executive Committee to state 
that when cars are in actual volunteer service, owners who request it will be reimbursed 
for garage and hotel expenses. 

Additional cards will be furnished on request. 

Very truly yours, 

(Sig.) Frank Haigh Dixon, 

Chairman. 

Motor vehicles were divided into four classes as follows : 

Class A. Motor trucks to be ready at 6 hours' notice for use one day 

Class B. Motor trucks to be ready at 48 hours' notice for thirty days 

Class C. Touring cars or Runabouts to be ready at 6 hours' notice for three days 

Class D. Motor Cycles to be ready at 6 hours' notice for three days 

Between six and seven thousand cards altogether were sent out in 
this way. The cards asked the owner to give the make of his car, the 
maker's number, the year of manufacture, horse power and capacity, 
and to state also whether he would furnish a driver or not. In reply to 
the requests thus sent out, about 1300 owners offered the service of 
their cars. 

The most difficult problem which the Committee had to face was 
that of attempting to decide what the manufacturers of New Hamp- 
shire could do in the way of furnishing goods for the Government out- 
side of their normal product. The only feasible way that this could be 
accomplished seemed to be to secure lists from the Government of 
articles desired, with specifications, and then submit these lists to the 
various manufacturers whose plants seemed to meet the necessary 
requirements. Unfortunately it was impossible to obtain lists of 
articles from the Government, with the result that this part of the pro- 
gram could not be carried out. During the course of the war, manu- 
facturers learned gradually what these articles were, how to set about 
securing contracts and what changes in plant were necessary in order 
that the contract might be fulfilled economically. It is certain that 
much valuable time might have been saved, and the state might have 
profited, if the plans of the committee could have been forwarded. 



100 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

The final part of the work of the committee consisted in tabulating 
the results of their elaborate inquiry among manufacturers. When 
the schedules were returned, filled out as requested, they were ana- 
lyzed under the immediate direction of the Chairman and Executive 
Secretary. The schedules were classified according to industries into 
the following eleven general classes : 

Class A. Textiles, Raw and Finished, including Ready-made Clothing 

Class B. Lumber and Lumber Products, including Furniture 

Class C. Pulp, Paper and their Products 

Class D. Boots and Shoes and their Accessories 

Class E. Leather and Leather Products, other than Boots and Shoes 

Class F. Minerals, Metals and their Products, including Hardware and Small Tools 

Class G. Machines and Machine Tools 

Class H. Stone, Clay and their Products 

Class I. Printing and Publishing 

Class J. Drugs and Chemicals 

Class K. Miscellaneous 

The information obtained with reference to the concerns falling into 
each class was put in a separate table in such a way that the extent of 
each kind of industry was spread out in a graphic manner. The tables 
thus formed were filed at the headquarters of the Committee on Public 
Safety, to be used by state and federal officials for the purposes speci- 
fied. The tabulations as finally completed were used by the Depart- 
ment of War as giving the most complete data upon the manufactur- 
ing possibilities of the state. We are led to believe that the Department 
of War found them valuable in letting contracts. From the stand- 
point of the state, this work gave a most admirable summary of in- 
dustrial possibilities, which will be of great advantage as a permanent 
historical document. 



XI 

TRANSPORTATION 

The Sub-Committee on Transportation, appointed by the Execu- 
tive Committee, had for its chairman, Mr. Hov^ey E. Slayton, Presi- 
dent of F. M. Hoj-t & Company, shoe manufacturers, of Manchester, 
and who, in that capacity, had become thoroughly expert in the trans- 
portation problems of New Hampshire. 

The duties assigned to this sub-committee were as follows: 

"In co-operation with the military authorities, to make plans and efTect organiza- 
tion for the utilization of all transportation equipment within the state — steam, elec- 
tric, motor and horses — for the purpose of securing upon short notice speedy and 
comfortable transit of troops, equipment and supplies from one point to another." 

The Committee held its first meeting April 10, in Room 156, State 
House, Concord, every member being present. 

M. S. Sullivan of Manchester was appointed secretary of the com- 
mittee. 

It was explained by the chairman that the Committee on Industrial 
Survey would furnish the Committee on Transportation with data 
relative to horses, motor vehicles, etc., and with information regarding 
the products of manufacturing plants and possible future arrangement 
in case the Federal Government might need to use those plants. 

The most important task to be undertaken immediately was that of 
becoming familiar with the transportation facilities of the state, the 
location of main lines, the most important lines to be kept open, the 
location of armories, etc., and the equipment (freight and passenger) 
that would be required and available at certain points. 

A committee, comprising Messrs. Robinson and Merrill of Concord, 
delegated to collaborate with Mr. Storrs, Engineer for the Public Serv- 
ice Commission, was requested to obtain the necessary data from the 
Adjutant General's office, and prepare a map showing the following: 

1. The steam railroads in New Hampshire. 

2. The electric railways in New Hampshire. 

3. The location of various armories and company headquarters, wherever it might be 
necessary to furnish transportation from headquarters to armories or from armories to 
any point in the state or out of it. 

101 



102 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

4. The size and character of the companies (whether light artillery, infantry or 
cavalry) and the number and kind of cars necessary to move them — marking this in- 
formation on the margin of the map opposite the points where troops might be stationed. 

This map was prepared, and a statement relative to the location of 
the New Hampshire militia, and the equipment required to move it 
was presented. 

The necessity for guarding bridges, tunnels, etc., was discussed since 
it was presumed that this work might be considered as within the 
functions of the Committee on Transportation. The effort was made 
by Governor Keyes, without success, to have the Federal Government 
call out the New Hampshire troops for that purpose. Instead, the 
Government called out three Massachusetts companies, to which was 
assigned the duty of guarding vulnerable points on the railroad along 
the Merrimack River, while a company from Fort Ethan Allen, Ver- 
mont, was assigned to similar duty along the Connecticut River. 

The Recruiting Committee wished to secure fifteen or more automo- 
biles to be distributed equally in the western, central and eastern parts 
of the state and to be used in travel northward over the three main 
boulevards for the purpose of seciu-ing recruits. The committee 
named the following members to secure the desired number of automo- 
biles in their respective districts and to report back to the Committee. 

Keene District J. Duncan Upham, Claremont 

Merrimack Valley William C. Spear, Manchester 

Portsmouth District William H. Folsom, Exeter 

These men submitted to the Committee at its next meeting, held on 
April 17, lists of owners whose cars would be at the call of the Com- 
mittee, and who could readily be reached through the member sub- 
mitting their names. It was arranged that hotel and garage expenses 
of chauffeurs and machines would be defrayed by the Committee on 
Public Safety, upon presentation of bills to the Recruiting Committee 
in whose service the automobiles were enlisted. 

The office at headquarters in the State House, Concord, furnished 
the Chairman of the Committee on Transportation, and others who 
needed it, a list of the chairmen of the local Committees on Public 
Safety throughout the state, and by the aid of these local chairmen, 
automobiles were secured from those who had enrolled their machines 
for service for the use of the office of the Adjutant General in sending 
out medical officers to examine men who had enrolled for service in the 
National Guard in the various towns in the state. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 103 

It was found by the Committee on Industrial Survey undesirable to 
take a census of horses in the state because it would cause an advance 
in the price of horses and because it was believed that horses could not 
be obtained for service except by pm-chase. It was the consensus of 
opinion of the members of the Committee on Transportation that 
horses would not be required for transportation work; that automo- 
biles and motor trucks would be sufficiently available; and that this 
Committee would not require from the Industrial Survey Committee 
any statistical information regarding horses. 

The Committee on Transportation definitely offered its services 
and information on transportation matters to the following sub- 
committees: 

Food Production, Conservation and Distribution 

Military 

State Protection 

Mobilization and Concentration Camps 

Military Equipment and Supplies 

Naval 

and made it known to them that it would be glad to co-operate with 
them in the effort to solve any problems that they might have in regard 
to transportation, no matter what the form, — whether steam railroad, 
electric railway, or motor vehicle. 

The Sub-Committee on Transportation was divided into three divi- 
sions; one to have charge of steam railroad transportation; one to care 
for transportation by electric railways; and the third to have charge of 
transportation by autos, trucks, etc. Sub-committees were appointed 
as follows: 

Steam Railroad Transportation Electric Railway Transportation 

W. H. Mooney, Nashua EKvin C. Foster, Manchester 

H. C. Robinson, Concord 
Y. P. Learned, Woodsville 
F. A. Merrill, Concord 

Motor Vehicle Transportation 

William C. Spear, Manchester 

Thomas J. Guay, Laconia 

William H. Folsom, Exeter 

Mr. Robinson of Concord was appointed Vice-Chairman, with 
power to call a meeting of the Committee at any time which might 
seem necessary. 

The question of a concentration camp at Concord, transportation 



104 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

of troops and supplies from same, etc., question of rail connections 
between camp and railroad, etc., was considered, and upon the sug- 
gestion of laying tracks between the railroad and the camp, Mr. 
Merrill commented as follows: 

"The present camp grounds at Concord are one and one-half miles distant from the 
railroad. In order to get railroad connection, it would require about three miles of 
track, which would probably cost about one hundred thousand dollars. It would 
probably take six months to build that track. 

"Now, as to the situation with regard to material. The first thing needed is rails. 
The Boston & Maine, more than a year ago, when buying its rails for 1917, made an 
iron-clad contract that they be delivered in April. We have just received word that 
they hope to deliver it by August 17. We cannot place an order today for rail for de- 
livery within two years. Before we can furnish rail for three miles of track, we must get 
new rail. The situation is extremely acute. We cannot get deliveries; we cannot place 
orders, and we are getting along by using our scrap material, which, in ordinary times, 
we would not think of using. Considering these conditions, it seems to me that it is of 
great importance in making arrangements for concentration camps and all such things, to 
arrange them in such a way as to use existing tracks where we can, or, where we cannot, 
to make tracks as short as we can; that is, bringing the camps as near as we can to the 
railroad. We have been obliged to refuse to put in industrial tracks for big industrial 
concerns, because we have not the material with which to do it. We are extremely 
short of material and labor. We ought to get these items down as low as possible to get 
results." 

The question then arose as to what location in the state was more 
conveniently placed in regard to transportation facilities and possessed 
more advantages than the Concord concentration camp, and it seemed 
to be the opinion of the committee that no place in New Hampshire 
was so adequately situated for this purpose as Rockingham Park, 
Salem, near which the Boston & Maine have track enough to handle 
50,000 people a day, and which has drill grounds, water, and almost 
every other requirement. The question of Rockingham Park for such 
a camp was referred to the Governor (by the following letter) without 
prejudice to any other location. 

Manchester, N. H., Apr. 21, 1917. 
To His Excellency, Hon. Henry W. Keyes, Governor of New Hampshire: 
Honorable and dear Sir: 

In accordance with resolution adopted by the Committee on Transportation, of the 
Hew Hampshire Committee on Public Safety, in conference Tuesday, April 17, I would 
respectfully submit, for consideration by your Excellency and Council, the advisability 
of establishing New Hampshire's mobilization and concentration camps as near as 
possible to existing railroad tracks. 

In discussing transportation matters at our meeting, with particular regard to the 
speedy movement of troops from one point to another, attention was called to the delay 
and inconvenience involved in the movement of troops, equipment and supplies from 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 105 

the present concentration camp in Concord to the raikoad on account of the distance 
separating one from the other. The Camp Grounds at Concord are situated one and 
one-half miles away from the railroad. In order to get connections, three miles of 
track would be necessary, at a cost approximating one hundred thousand dollars, and 
probably six months would be required to lay same. As to the situation in regard to 
material, we are advised by the Boston & Maine officials that their rails for 1917, 
ordered more than a year ago for delivery in April, would not be delivered until 
August, and that they could not today place an order for rails for delivery within two 
years. As new rail would have to be purchased for the laying of three extra miles of 
track, it is obvious that the connecting of the present camp grounds and the railroad 
is utterly impracticable at this time. Without rail connections, it is the opinion of our 
committee, in which all members concur, that the camp as now located does not afford, 
for the speedy movement of troops and impedimenta, the facilities which New 
Hampshire's concentration camp should possess in times such as these. 

With railroad tracks adjacent to the camp, food and other commodities necessary for 
the maintenance of the great number of men and horses could be transported in carload 
lots and delivered direct to the camp, thus eliminating the labor and delays of re-loading 
upon trucks at depot and transporting from depot to camp grounds. Similar advan- 
tages would also obtain with regard to the expeditious movement, from camp to other 
points in or out of the state, of men, horses, food, etc. 

As a natural result of this conviction on the part of the Committee, opinions were 
exchanged as to possibly available locations having railroad connections, and, at the 
same time, possessing as near as possible the complete essentials of a thoroughly modern 
and efficient concentration camp. All members were in accord in the conclusion that, 
to the best of their knowledge, there is no place in New Hampshire so adequately suited 
for this purpose as Rockingham Park at Salem. There the Boston & Maine Railroad 
has track enough to handle fifty thousand people every day; there is everything in the 
way of track facilities, drill grounds, water, etc., and about the only other requirement 
lacking is a few houses, which could be built at a nominal expense. 

The above, in brief, is an outline of the recorded opinions of the Committee on Trans- 
portation, which I have been requested to convey to you for consideration and such 
action as you may deem expedient. I am certain you need no assurance that, in this 
procedure, we are prompted purely by motives of public interest and national zeal, with 
the end in view that New Hampshire shall be ready to perform her full duty to the 
nation in this time of need. 

Respectfully yours, 

(Sig.) H. E. Slayton, 
Chairman Committee on Transportation. 
New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety. 

At this meeting of the Committee on Transportation, the opinion of 
the members was given as to the probable date of cessation of hos- 
tiHties in which the greater part of the world was involved, with the 
following result: There were twelve predictions, nine of which held 
that the war would close in 1917, the earliest one being July 4; two in 
1919 between July 1 and October 1; and one on January 1, 1920; the 
average date being March 1, 1918. 



106 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

The third meeting of the Committee on Transportation was held 
May 15, Room 100, State House, Concord, every member, with the ex- 
ception of one, being present. 

Mr. Foster, Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Electric Railway 
Transportation, submitted the following report: 

Concord to Manchester 
That the Concord and Manchester branch of the Boston & Maine Railroad will be 
prepared: 

On one hour's notice, night or day, to transport 500 people from Concord to 
Manchester. Time required for trip — one hour and thirty minutes (1 hr. 30 min.) 

Telephone numbers: 

F. P. Fosgate, Ass't Siipt. Office 37 Concord 

House 1020 

D. H. Carpenter Office 418-W 

House 588-J 

Manchester to Iludson Bridge 
That the Manchester Street Railway will be prepared: 

On four (4) hours' notice, to transport 500 people from Manchester to Hudson 
Bridge, at any time, and ordinarily on shorter notice. Time required for making 
trip would not be over one hour from City Hall, Manchester, to Hudson Bridge. 

Telephone numbers: 

T. H. Kendrigan, Supt. Office 1525-R Manchester 

House 497 
J. Brodie Smith Office 491 

House 56 

E. C. Foster, Pres. Office 491 

House 496 

Iludson Bridge to Rockingham Park, Salem 
That the Massachusetts Northeastern Street Railway Company will be prepared: 
On three hours' notice, to transport 300 people from Hudson Bridge to Rocking- 
ham Park, Salem, between the hours of 8.00 a. m., and 3.00 p. m. Time required 
for trip, approximately one hour. 

Telephone number: 

J. H. Matthews, Div. Supt. 22 Salem, N. H. 

Hudson Bridge to Hampton Beach 
That the Massachusetts Street Railway Company will be prepared: 

On three hours' notice to transport 300 people from Hudson Bridge to Hampton 
Beach, between the horns of 8.00 a. m. and 3.00 p. m. Time required for trip would 
be approximately three hours, fifteen minutes. 
Telephone number: 

J. H. Matthews, Div. Supt. 22 Salem, N. H. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 107 

Hampton Beach to Portsmouth 
That the Electric Railway will be prepared: 

On two or three hours' notice, to transport 400 people an hour from Hampton 
Beach to Portsmouth. Time required for trip, one hour, fifteen minutes. 
Telephone numbers: 

W. E. Dowdell, Gen. Inspector Office 33 Portsmouth 

House 703-W 

Car House 977-W 

Portsmouth AtWetic Club 610 

From the above information, you will please observe that it would be possible to 
transport 300 people every two hours from Concord to Manchester, to Hudson Bridge, 
to Rockingham Park, or to Portsmouth, between the hours of 8.00 a. m. and 12.00 noon, 
inclusive, making a total of 900 people. The time from Concord to Rockingham Park 
would be approximately 3^ hours, and the time from Concord to Portsmouth would be 
approximately 7 hours. Night service might be furnished, but it is not desirable. 

In conducting its various investigations, the Committee kept con- 
stantly in mind two points. What plans the Federal Government had 
for mobilizing troops was quite unknown, and it was considered de- 
sirable that such information as the state could obtain regarding its 
transportation possibilities might be of service to the nation in the 
event that ra])id mobilization of troops at any point in New Hamp- 
shire should become a part of the federal scheme; and the further 
possibility of local trouble with consequent obligation of concentrating 
armed troops at certain points. There was still throughout the 
country a feeling of uneasiness concerning the attitude which resident 
aliens, especially alien enemies, might adopt both toward compulsory 
military service and toward Industrial Establishments engaged in 
producing miHtary supplies. It seemed only a reasonable measure of 
precaution to guard against any difficulties that might arise from any 
source. Fortunately no disturbance in the state arose from any cause 
whatever. The spirit of our citizens was such that enlistment in 
the army and navy was rapid, taking men into the service by draft 
was found acceptable, and this method of increasing our forces was 
later viewed with enthusiasm. 

The two points of mobilization considered by this Committee were 
used by the Federal Government for a short time. The camp at 
Concord, named Camp Keyes in honor of New Hampshire's war 
Governor, was made the place of mobilization for the New Hampshire 
National Guard during the weeks preceding the federalization of these 
troops, but it was not used after that time. The camp in Salem, 
Rockingham Park, was used also for only a few weeks during the 



108 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

period of preliminary training for the Fourteenth Regiment of Engi- 
neers, which had been recruited largely from New Hampshire. The 
plans prepared by officers of the Boston & Maine Railroad, who were 
also members of the Committee on Transportation, were utilized 
in conveying troops to these two points. As men were taken from 
time to time into the service by the sixteen Local Boards of the state, 
the regular train schedules were generally found adequate, so that no 
special or unusual facilities were necessary. 

The Executive Committee, at the suggestion of the Commissioner 
of Highways, requested the Sub-Committee on Transportation to 
undertake a survey of road-building materials in the neighborhood of 
the New Hampshire seacoast. To carry this request into execution, 
J. W. Goldthwait, Professor of Geology in Dartmouth College, was 
appointed a member of the sub-committee and was assigned this task. 
The work was started at once and occupied the summer of 1917. Mr. 
Goldthwait received the constant advice and assistance of the De- 
partment of Highwaj^s. An excellent map showing the location of 
gravel pits and useful rock in the southeastern part of the state, to- 
gether with a comprehensive report upon geological conditions, was 
filed with the Committee, and a copy was given to the Department of 
Highways. So valuable to the state were the investigations that they 
were continued as a peace-time measure under the auspices of the 
Department of Highways. 

Owing to the methods adopted in transporting troops and supplies, 
it appeared that the Committee on Transportation would have no 
further duties, a situation which continued until the autumn of 1918. 
By this time all the railroads of the country had been placed under a 
Federal Railway Administrator, owing to the necessity for utilizing to 
the best advantage the railway transportation possibilities of all 
systems. The immense increase in the amount of supplies to be 
transported, the inadequacy of terminal facilities and the great need 
for quick transfer of goods again rendered relief obligatory. At this 
point the Committee on Transportation was once more called into 
activity. 

To give assistance to the Federal Administrator, a National High- 
ways Transportation Committee was appointed. Two main points 
were placed before the Committee whereby the use of highways might 
relieve the congestion in the railroads and might prove of benefit to 
the people of the country. The first of these was the establishment of 
Return Loads Bureaus. It had always been noted that trucks were 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 109 

commonly employed to transport goods from one point to another, 
and, having completed this immediate work, returned empty to the 
point of departure. It was seen that the transportation of goods by 
truck could be increased possibly one hundred per cent by de\asing a 
plan whereby these trucks might carry return loads. This increase in 
carrying power would result in enhanced earning by the truck, together 
with a probable decrease in cost to the shipper. The plan adopted was 
that of having bureaus or depots at the chief shipping points, at which 
the owner or driver of a truck might call after disposing of his load and 
secure any freight going in his homeward direction. 

The second innovation considered by the National Highways 
Transport Committee was the creation of Rural Motor Express routes. 
The object was to relieve the railroads of the burden of short hauls and 
to reach agricultural communities not having easy access to railways. 
It was planned to give the farmers an opportunity of having his prod- 
uce, milk and other supplies transported regularly and quickly to 
market, and prol)ably to bring goods from the towns visited back to 
the farmer, in order that he might less frequently be under the ne- 
cessity of giving up his work to go to town for ordinary supplies. 

The functions of the Sub-Committee on Transportation were en- 
larged to enable it to undertake the solution of these two problems. 
At the same time, Mr. Sla>i:on, Chairman, was compelled to resign, 
owing to his appointment as Federal Fuel Administrator for New 
Hampshire. Mr. William C. Spear, a member of the Committee and 
President of the Manchester Automobile Company, succeeded him. 
This appointment was eminently fitting as the new duties of the 
Committee were the immediate concern of automobile men. 

It soon developed that a third duty might be put upon the Highways 
Transport Committee. A shortage of gasoline threatened to become 
serious, and it was expected that this Committee would be asked to 
take a census of all motor cars licensed in the state and classify them 
according to their usefulness at the time. It was expected that the 
consumption of gasoline must be reduced by fifty per cent in order that 
a sufficient quantity might be available for shipment abroad. Had 
this gone into effect the ordinary use of cars would have been almost 
eliminated. Other factors in this problem were the supply of labor, 
steel and rubber. 

In accordance with the plan of organization devised by the National 
Committee, the state was divided into five districts for the purpose of 
supervision. 



110 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

The districts were as follows: 

HUlsboro and Merrimack Counties Mr. Mooney, Chairman 

Rockingham and Strafford Counties Mr. Folsom, Chairman 

Cheshire and Sullivan Counties Mr. Upham, Chairman 

Belknap and Carroll Counties Mr. Guay, Chairman 

Grafton and Coos Counties Mr. Learned, Chairman 

The following appointments of men to take charge of specified 
activities were made: 

Return Loads Bureau Mr. Pillsbury 

Railroad Co-operation Mr. Robinson 

Rural Motor Express Mr. Elwell 

Publicity and Education The Chairman 

Throughout the period of reconstructing the Committee much help 
was given by the Regional Chairman, Mr. J. Randolph Coolidge, Jr., 
of Boston, who visited the state on three occasions, giving valuable 
information and advice. 

The reorganization was completed just as the winter of 1918-1919 
was coming on, and it was clear that the highways of the state could 
not be advantageously used until the period of deep snow had passed. 
Just at this time, also, the armistice was signed and it appeared that 
the plans of the committee, as a war-time measure, would become 
unnecessary. For these reasons the committee disbanded without 
attempting to inaugurate the system it had devised. 



XII 



PUBLIC SERVICE RESERVE 



On November 19, 1917, the Executive Committee considered a let- 
ter received from the Council of National Defense and one from Dr. 
James A. B. Scherer, Field Representative of the Council, with refer- 
ence to the appointment of a sub-committee to have charge of estab- 
lishing an emplo>Tnent exchange system in the state. The duties of 
the sub-committee were not outlined very definitely and the exact re- 
lation of the new office to existing federal or state offices was not made 
clear. In general, the objects of the establishment of the sub-com- 
mittee were: To furnish labor to essential war industries; to seek to 
prevent unemplojTnent ; to take a census of labor and to devise methods 
for training those who were unskilled to enable them to perform more 
skilled labor. It was suggested that a state director of the employ- 
ment exchange system be appointed and that he should establish 
offices at various points throughout the state. 

The Executive Committee decided to appoint a special committee 
to make a study of the existing system and the requirements, and 
report to the Executive Committee at a later meeting. This was done 
and an outline was drawn up for the duties of a sub-committee to be 
specially appointed. The plan thus evolved was approved by the 
Governor, provided the new sub-committee could work with the state 
Bureau of Labor in accordance with an Act passed by the Legislature 
of New Hampshire in 1917, and provided also that the Federal Labor 
Administrator, who was later to be appointed, should be brought into 
close connection with the sub-committee. 

On January 11, 1918, the Governor received a request from the Sec- 
retary of Labor that a Director of the Public Service Reserve be ap- 
pointed,upon whom should rest the duty of enrolling labor needed in 
essential industries, andespeciallyto conduct drives for special purposes 
as required. Acting upon this request, the Governor and the Com- 
mittee on Public Safety, in January, 1918, unanimously nominated 
Clarence E. Carr to this position. The recommendation was tele- 
graphed to the Secretary of Labor. On the following day Mr. Carr 
received a telegram from William E. Hall, National Director of the 
Public Service Reserve, which read: 

111 



112 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

"On recommendation Governor and State Council of Defense, you have been ap- 
pointed by Secretary Wilson Federal State Director United States Public Service Re- 
serve for New Hampshire. Appointment papers, credentials and full instructions will 
be mailed. Wish you the greatest success in this important war emergency work." 

On January 19 Mr. Hall -wTote a letter to Mr. Carr confirming the 
appointment as stated in the telegram, adding also that the first cam- 
paign to be conducted would have reference to building up a reserve 
of men willing and able to work on ships. Within a few days letters 
were received from the Council of National Defense requesting infor- 
mation as to whether New Hampshire had appointed a State Federal 
Director. Reply was made to the effect that the National Director 
had notified Mr. Carr of his appointment, stating, however, that the 
descriptive literature and forms for enrollment which had been promised 
did not come, although the Director had been urged most strongly to 
begin his campaign at once. 

At least part of the diflBculty lay in the fact that the Council of 
National Defense and the Federal Department of Labor could not 
reach a mutual understanding. The Department of Labor was al- 
ready considering the establishment of a Federal Employment Service 
and was not willing to foster a different enterprise that might later con- 
flict with its own intentions. 

But it was widely believed that at least some of Mr. Carr's 
political opponents were taking this opportunity of preventing Mr. 
Carr from getting a position in which he might add to an already fine 
reputation. 

The only official recognition from the Department of Labor that 
was ever forthcoming appeared in the form of a letter dated July 1, 
1918, in which the statement was made that Mr. Carr's appointment 
had been extended for an indefinite period beginning July 1, 1918. 

Seeing that the call for workers in shipyards was very urgent, work 
was immediately begun in the state for enrollment of all skilled work- 
men who expressed a willingness to assist the government in this man- 
ner. An immediate call was sent out by the government for the 
enrollment of 250,000 men. The quota assigned to New Hampshire 
was 4,000, which was later reduced to 1,700. 

The government announced that priority had been given to ship- 
building to the extent of placing shipyard workers in a deferred classi- 
fication under the Selective Service Act. The United States Shipping 
Board therefore requested that men at work in shipyards should be 
exempted from call for military duty or should be placed in some de- 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 113 

ferred classification similar to that adopted by the Federal Selective 
Service Act. 

The first step taken in the campaign in New Hampshire was the 
appointment of local representatives. In each town and city a repre- 
sentative was appointed, who was requested to secure the largest possi- 
ble enrollment among skilled mechanics in his town. At the same time 
a member of each local trade union was appointed for the same pur- 
pose. A letter was also sent to employers of labor in the state explain- 
ing to them the desire of the federal government and asking their 
co-operation in an equitable adjustment of labor conditions. 

Within a comparatively short time, the cards, circulars of informa- 
tion and Public Service Reserve buttons were obtained and distributed 
throughout the state. A scale of wages paid in the various trades 
carried on in the shipyards was prepared and distributed. Very soon 
thereafter a serious question arose concerning the housing conditions 
and expenses of living in the towns adjoining New Hampshire ship- 
yards, and the Director prepared a statement relating to these topics 
for wide circulation among those who were considering enrollment. At 
the end of this campaign the total enrollment was 2,500, in addition to 
about 400 who were placed, by means of recruiting trips or through the 
State Free Employment office, at work in the Portsmouth Naxn^' Yard 
or one of the shipyards of the state. Just how many actually went to 
work in the shipyards as a result of the campaign in the state cannot 
be ascertained definitely, but it may be assumed that several hundred 
were placed in this manner. The showing of New Hampshire in 
this respect is regarded as exceptional, especially since it was ascer- 
tained that even before the campaign began there were about 2,500 
residents of the state who had, through the initiative of the cor- 
porations themselves, gone to shipbuilding concerns in the state to 
work. 

In the conduct of this campaign too much praise cannot be given to 
the New Hampshire Commissioner of Labor, who generously placed 
his office and office force at the disposal of the Federal Director, and 
gave the utmost assistance by way of advice. So successful was the 
work undertaken by the Federal Director that special letters of com- 
mendation were received from the Department of Labor, from which 
the following extract may be given: 

The Department of Labor is very grateful indeed for your unselfish service and for 
the generous financial support which the State and your good self have given the Public 
Service Reserve. I know that I can rely upon your generosity and patriotism to aid in 



114 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

seeing that the fine organization you built up operates and functions under the general 

direction of Mr. Sawyer. 

Again expressing to you the deep gratitude of the Department of Labor, and with best 

wishes, I am, t^ . , , „ 

Faithfully yours, 

WiLLTAM E. Hall, 

National Director. 

In the letter of January 11 to Governor Keyes from the Secretary 
of Labor, it was stated that "the PubHc Service Reserve is an integral 
and important part of the co-operative system of Employment Serv- 
ice in the organization of which this Department is counting on the 
assistance of State Councils." At that time the Emplojonent Service 
was in its infancy, was by no means well known throughout the coun- 
try, and the reference to it by the Secretary of Labor conveyed no 
very clear impression. Throughout the next three months the instruc- 
tions received from the National Director of the Public Service Re- 
serve and from the Department of Labor commonly referred to the 
enrollment of labor and not to the placing of labor. Nevertheless the 
State Director assumed that it was his duty to supply such labor as he 
could to the shipyards in the time of their need. 

On April 16 a statement was received giving in outline the relation 
of the Public Service Reserve to the LT nited States Employment Serv- 
ice, which by this time had been organized in many states of the 
Union. The particular parts of the statement of relationship which 
are here of interest are as follows : 

"The Public Service Reserve is the recruiting and enrolling branch of the Service. 
It deals primarily with men who are not applicants for jobs but who are willing to leave 
their present employment when national needs require their services elsewhere. It seeks 
and uses the co-operation of other organizations and volunteer agents. Through such 
volunteer agents and co-operating organizations it should extend its activities into every 
community. State Directors and local agents of the Public Service Reserve are au- 
thorized to act as Field Agents of the U. S. Employment Service, under the instructions 
of the Employment Service. Such services on the part of Reserve Officers are not 
compulsory, but in so far as Reserve Agents undertake to place men or to direct appli- 
cants to jobs, they must do so under the instructions of, and report their action to, the 
nearest office of the U. S. Emploj'ment Service. 

"Officers of the U. S. Public Service Reserve should immediately turn over to the 
officers of the U. S. Employment Service in their respective States, records of all Re- 
serve members who desire immediate employment or who wish to be considered as 
applicants for jobs; such men to be treated in the same way as other applicants for 
positions by the Employment Service." 

At this time also it was learned that the Department of Labor had 
appointed Enos K. Sawyer of Franklin to be Federal Director for New 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 115 

Hampshire of the United States Employment Service. Mr. Carr was 
eager to work in harmony with the newly appointed Director of the 
Employment Service and was also eager to place at his disposal all 
information with reference to labor conditions in the State which he 
had gathered during his three months' campaign. 

On July 30 a State Advisory Board was appointed to act with the 
Director of the Employment Service, and of this Board the Director 
of the Public Ser\ace Reserve was ex-officio a member. 

Somewhat later it was considered advisable by the Department of 
Labor to form Community Boards at strategic points throughout the 
State, and in the formation of such Boards the wide acquaintance and 
experience of the Director of the Public Service Reserve was of great 
advantage. 

On September 6 Mr. Carr announced to his local representatives 
that the Department of Labor considered it to the best interest of more 
industries that there should be an amalgamation of the offices of the 
Director of the Public Service Reserve and that of the Director of the 
Emplo;yTuent Service, and that for this reason he was resigning from 
his office and that thereafter both offices should be held by Mr. Sawyer. 

It may be interesting to note that at the end of November, 1918, the 
Department of Labor, realizing that as thousands of men were released 
from war work and many were also released from the army, the 
United States Employment Service was faced with the necessity of 
finding employment for these men. Otherwise there would be a vast 
amount of unemployment throughout the countr5^ The Employ- 
ment Service, therefore, called upon the Committee on Public Safety 
to form Bureaus for returning soldiers in every city and large town. 
In the matter of forming these Bureaus, the former Director of the 
Public Service Reserve took a very active part and gave excellent 
assistance to the EmplojTnent Service. The work of the Bureaus was 
to be carried on voluntarily wherever possible. They were instrumen- 
tal in placing returned soldiers and sailors until the time when the 
Employment Service was forced to suspend operations owing to the 
failure of Congress to make the necessary appropriations for the con- 
tinuation of their work. 



XIII 

CURTAILMENT OF NON-WAR CONSTRUCTION 

The Council of National Defense, in a bulletin sent out on Septem- 
ber 11, 1918, requested the Committee on Public Safety to act as the 
representative of the War Industries Board in passing upon proposed 
construction in order that all building which was not absolutely 
necessary might be stopped. This was part of a new plan instituted 
by the War Industries Board, by which permits from the Board were 
to be required for all construction projects, with a few exceptions re- 
lating principally to government work. The plan was adopted only 
because of the imperative necessity for conserving labor, materials and 
capital for war purposes. 

The procedure advised was that the person interested in a construc- 
tion project should apply, with a full statement of the facts under oath, 
to the appropriate local representative of the Committee on Public 
Safety. This local representative would then investigate the necessity 
for the proposed construction and transmit his recommendation, with 
a summary of the facts, to the State Committee for review. If the 
State Committee decided in favor of the construction it should at once 
send its recommendations, with a full statement of all the facts, to the 
Non-War Construction section of the Priorities Division of the War 
Industries Board. The Non-War Construction section would then 
grant or withhold the permit and notify the State Committee on 
Public Safety, and also the individual concerned, of its action. If the 
State Committee decided against the proposed construction it would 
notify the person concerned that his project had been disapproved. 

The Committee on Public Safety immediately met and passed a 
resolution endorsing the policy outlined in the bulletin of the Council 
of National Defense and authorized the appointment of a special com- 
mittee to administer the system therein described and advised that a 
local representative of the Committee be appointed in each town and 
city of the State to carry out the plans announced in this bulletin. 

A few days later a letter was received from the Regional Director 
of the Capital Issues Board in which the suggestion was made that the 
Capital Issues Committee and the Resources and Conversion Section 
be represented on the State Committee on Curtailment of Non-War 

116 V 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 117 

Construction. It was decided that a sub-committee of three persons 
should be appointed to superintend the work in the State, and that if 
it seemed advisable to this committee an advisory board might be 
appointed to represent the various interests involved. Owing to the 
fact that the restrictions upon building were in operation for only a 
comparatively short time, it did not become necessary to appoint an 
advisory board as seemed at first desirable. 

The State Committee of three was appointed under the chairman- 
ship of Clarence E. Carr, and the appointment was accepted by the 
Council of National Defense and by the War Industries Board. 

An outline of the relation of the state work to the Federal bodies 
concerned may be of interest. The President of the United States 
appointed the War Industries Board in March, 1918, its duty to con- 
sist in providing measure whereby industries of vital concern to the 
successful carrying on of the war might be protected even at the risk 
of discontinuing less essential business and industry. A special divi- 
sion of the Board, named the Priorities Division, was appointed, to 
which was assigned the task of classifying industries and business 
according to their relative importance toward the supply of war mate- 
rial and other merchandise of greatest value to the country at this time. 
When it became clear that the least essential industries must be cur- 
tailed in order to conserve especially labor and materials, various plans 
were adopted. Among them was the establishment of a Non-War 
Construction section intended to limit the consumption of labor, steel, 
lumber and other building materials, since all of these were now of 
utmost value in relation to the enterprises already undertaken by the 
Federal Government in ship-building, providing food for the peoples 
in the allied countries of Europe, obtaining supplies of all kinds for 
the army and navy, and satisfying the most necessary uses of the civil 
population of the United States. 

Immediately following the appointment of the State Committee, 
the chairman of the Executive Committee sent a letter to the chairman 
of each local committee throughout the State asking him to serve as 
the representative of the Committee on Non-War Construction or 
appoint a competent substitute for himself. The letter also contained 
a strong statement of the necessity for the new restrictions and gave 
an account of the procedure to be followed. Within a few days local 
representatives were very generally appointed throughout the State. 
In cases, however, where delay in making appointment occurred, a 
second and even a third letter was sent insisting upon an immediate 



118 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

response to the original request. In the last of these letters, the local 
chairman who had been dilatory was informed that until he took posi- 
tive action absolutely no building, however small, could proceed 
within the town he represented. 

On September 24 the State Committee held its first meeting, at which 
the chief question discussed related to the most effective form of 
publicity in order that every resident of the State might at the earliest 
moment be made acquainted with the restrictions to be placed upon 
building operations. All the newspapers of the State carried stories 
on the subject; posters were printed and circulated broadly; contrac- 
tors were notified; and in all other available ways the information was 
spread broadly. 

Few restrictions or regulations during the course of the war aroused 
such immediate attention. War on the huge scale of the present day 
affects every individual in the nation involved in the war, and perhaps 
no restriction caused this condition to be realized more immediately 
and profoimdly than did the curtailment of building projects. The 
impression created by this restriction was felt to no less degree because 
no penalty was imposed or suggested for the violation of the regula- 
tions. The only method devised or ap])arently considered for carry- 
ing the restriction into execution Avas through the operation of the 
power of the Federal Government to prevent transportation of non- 
essential materials. It was soon discovered that ])roducts or manu- 
factured articles regarded as war necessities received the preference on 
all railroads now under the control of the Federal Government. It 
became indeed ])ractically impossible for a contractor to obtain any 
equipment or building materials until he had received permission to 
begin or continue his operations. In large undertakings it was also 
found very difficult for indivichials or companies to borrow money, 
either for building or for carrying on their business, unless banks or 
the Capital Issues Committee or the Committee on Curtailment of 
Non-\Yar Construction was satisfied that the project or business was 
quite necessary at the time. 

An additional ruling to the effect that work on highways must be 
discontinued, greatly enhanced the impression created by the original 
restrictions. This recommendation was made by the War Industries 
Board to the State Commissioner of Highways, who thereupon issued 
orders that all work upon state highways and upon highways receiv- 
ing aid from the State should be discontinued l)y November 1, 

The War Industries Board had expected to have the necessary forms 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 119 

printed at once upon which applications for permits to build could be 
made. Permit forms and report blanks for the use of the State Com- 
mittee were also to be forwarded. Owing to the congestion in the 
Government printing office these were delayed, and the state commit- 
tee was compelled to devise blanks for its own use. A docket book 
was also devised, in which a full record was made of each application 
received from any part of the State, together with the decisions ren- 
dered. 

On November 12, 1918, which was the day following the signing of 
the armistice, the War Industries Board concluded that the most 
stringent regulations might be removed, and accordingly sent word to 
the State Committee permitting all farm and ranch buildings to pro- 
ceed without restriction, also roadways and other structures under- 
taken by the United States Railroad Administration or by any other 
transportation company. The same permission was granted to the 
American Railway Express Company, to any telegraph or telephone 
line, to federal, state or municipal authorities in the construction of 
highways, bridges, parks and playgrounds, and the construction or 
improvement of any public utilities. In addition to these matters of 
official or semi-official character the right was given to companies or 
individuals engaged in any occupation connected with the manufac- 
ture or storing of food, to the building or alteration of churches, school- 
houses and hospitals, provided these did not exceed a cost of $25,000. 
A general relaxation was made with reference to the construction 
of any new building or structure for any purpose whatsoe\'er provided 
the cost did not exceed $10,000; and any existing building or structure 
owned by any company or individual might be repaired or altered or 
extended provided it did not involve an aggregate cost of more than 
$25,000; and lastly, any building begun prior to September 3, 1918, 
where a substantial portion of the building had already been con- 
structed, might be completed. At the same time all limitation on 
the production of building materials was removed. 

Only seven days later another message was received containing the 
following statement: "From the best information obtainable here, we 
believe that there is now available sufficient labor, fuel, transportation 
and building materials to warrant the withdrawal of all restrictions on 
building projects. We feel it the duty of this Board to aid the public 
and the industries to return to normal conditions as quickly as possi- 
ble, and unless there be sound objections to this course by state com- 
mittees, it is our purpose to take immediate action along this line." 



120 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

The operation of the War Industries Board in this particular, so far 
as it related to New Hampshire, lasted for a period of only seven 
weeks. During that time the State Committee received li^i applica- 
tions for permission to build or alter buildings already in existence. It 
developed that a considerable number of these did not require a permit. 
The fact that application was made for such permits shows the desire 
on the part of all who were concerned in building to obey explicitly 
the terms of the restrictions instituted by the War Industries Board. 
Comparatively few applications had to be rejected owing to the fact 
that the local representatives of the State Committee gave sound ad- 
vice to those who proposed l)uilding, and usually succeeded in per- 
suading those who contemplated building not to apply for a permit. 
The restrictions were received in splendid spirit by the people of the 
State, and only one or two instances arose of any tendency to criticise 
the decision rendered by the State Committee. In this connection it is 
interesting to note that the criticisms expressed even in these few in- 
stances were based upon the supposition that the State Committee 
was more lenient than it might well have been. The adverse decisions 
by the State Committee were accepted readily and in a spirit of hearty 
recognition of the necessity for the regulations imposed by those 
responsible for adequate production of all materials required for war 
purj)oses and the conservation of labor needed in such production. 

Upon the termination of the work along this line, the State 
Committee sent to each of its local representatives the following letter: 

The exigency calling into existence the "Non-War Construction Sections," has 
passed. The "War Industries Board," through its C'hief of that department, has can- 
celled restrictions in such construction and our duties cease. The undersigned desire to 
thank you personally for the interest you have taken in the matter, and for such assist- 
ance as you have rendered. 

The response to every call made to the people of New Hampshire in all our Great 
War work has shown a devotion, patriotism, comprehension, and conscience, under 
trial, such as has characterized the stiite from its earliest colonial days. We have 
learned and unlearned much. The moulding together of our people and our purposes, 
an infinite patience in dealing with the social questions sure to confront us and a broader 
vision of international opportunities and responsibilities, is an obligation that now rests 
upon us, one and all. We cannot go back to the ante-war period. There is before us 
a great "Non-War" work to do, where each must do his part. 

Very truly yours, 

(Sig.) Clarence E. Carr, 
Edw.\rd N. Pearson, 
Frank W. Sargeant, 
Committee on Non-War Construction. 

y 



XIV 

AMERICANIZATION 

On March, 8, 1918, the Executive Committee passed the following 
resolution: 

Whereas, a unified American people is essential to a successful prosecution of the war 
and to the maintenance of the solidarity of the nation in the future; and 

Whereas, unification cannot be complete so long as five million foreign-born whites, 
of the thirty-three millions now resident in the United States of foreign origin, do not 
speak the English language and are, therefore, without adequate knowledge of American 
institutions and without proper sympathy for them; and 

Whereas, anti-American propaganda is being conducted among aliens tending 
toward the disintegration of the national spirit; and 

Whereas, we firmly believe that the unification of all the elements of the population 
is of supreme importance; and 

Whereas, the Federal Government has entrusted to the United States Bureau of 
Education the important task of Americanization of Aliens; and 

Whereas, the Bureau of Education has requested the Committee on Public Safety to 
appoint a committee to take charge of the work of Americanization in the State of New 
Hampshire; 

Resolved: That a Sub-Committee on Americanization of Aliens be appointed to 
undertake a program of Americanization in New Hampshire according to the plans out- 
lined by the United States Bureau of Education. 

The Committee chose General Frank S. Streeter to be the Chairman 
of the Sub-Committee and requested him to submit names to the 
Executive Committee for election to membership. The selection of 
members was made carefully and when the Committee was completely 
organized it represented the principal interests and geographical sec- 
tions of the State. 

On April 3, Hon. PVanklin K. Lane, Secretary of the Interior, called 
a meeting in Washington of Governors of the States and Chairmen of 
Committees on Public Safety at which a general statement of prin- 
ciples was made in these words : 

1. The adoption of the policy that the Federal Government should co-operate with 
States and through the States with the local communities in carrying on an extensive, 
intensive, and immediate program of Americanization through education, especially for 
non-English-speaking foreign-born adults. 

2. That the industries employing large numbers of non-English-speaking foreign- 
born persons should co-operate with local communities. State, and Federal Govern- 
ments in carrying out this proposition. 

121 



122 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

3. That adequate appropriations should be provided by the Congress to be expended 
through appropriate Governmental agencies for the foregoing purpose. 

4. That in all schools where elementary subjects are taught they should be taught in 
the English language only. 

It was decided by the New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety 
to adopt those principles with such modifications as from time to time 
might seem wise. The Committee then urged the Sub-Committee on 
Americanization to proceed with their work as rapidly as possible in 
accordance with these principles. 

At the first general meeting of the Committee on Americanization 
the chief point of discussion related to the organization of a local com- 
mittee in each city. It was, at that time, the opinion of the Committee 
that such local groups should be formed for these three purposes: (1) 
to bring influence to bear upon the school board of the city ; (2) to in- 
fluence the attitude of the City Council; (3) to induce the Chamber of 
Commerce to bring its influence to bear upon the school board and the 
city council. 

Further investigation convinced the Committee that it would be- 
unwise to organize local groups in the cities, but that the program of 
Americanization should be carried on directly by the State Committee, 
acting in conjunction with existing city, school, patriotic, industrial 
and social organizations. 

The Committee put forth as their first and chief objective that non- 
English-speaking aliens of the State should be taught to " Speak, Read, 
Write and Understand the English Language." It was believed that 
this objective might best be reached provided evening schools were 
opened in the cities by the Department of Public Instruction with the 
co-operation of the industries employing aliens. After careful con- 
sideration it was decided that the campaign should be conducted 
through three agencies: (1) the Church Schools, (2) Industrial 
Plants, (3) State Department of Public Instruction. The schools in 
which an extension of the teaching of English was desirable were 
almost wholly under the jurisdiction of the Catholic Church. The 
negotiations between the Committee on Americanization and the 
Catholic Church, together with a statement of the splendid results 
obtained, have been made known through the publication of a separate 
pamphlet and through the biennial report of the Department of Public 
Instruction. 

A direct and systematic effort was made to discover the number of 
non-English-speaking employees in the various industrial plants in the 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 123 

State. To this end an Industrial Census Card was drafted which was 
to be filled out by all workers in industrial plants. The following was 
the form of census card adopted: 

INDUSTRIAL CENSUS 

Educational Qualifications — Citizenship — Social Status of Non-English- 
Speaking Employees 
(Front side of card) 

1. What is your name? 

2. Where do you live (street and number)? 

3. WTiere are you employed? Dept Factory No 

4. Can you speak English? 5. Can you read English?. . . .6. Can write English?. . 

7. Can you read your native language? .... 8. Can you umte your native language? .... 
9. Sex (male or female)?. ... 10. Age?.. 11. In what country born? 

12. Occupation. (What work do you do?) 

13. What do you earn per week?. ... 14. Are you married or single? 

15. If you are married does your wife or husband work? 

16. How many children have you living at home under 16 years of age? 

17. How many years have you been in the United States? 

18. Have you first naturalization papers? 

19. Have you second naturalization papers? 

Please answer questions on both sides of this card. 

(Back side of card) 

20. Mark the race to which you belong with a cross thus (x) 
.Albanian ....Polish-Austrian 



.Polish-German 

. Polish-Russian 

. Portuguese 

. Russian (excl. Polish-Finnish and Lith.) 

. Swedish 

. Syrian 

.Tiu-kish 



.Armenian 

. Austrian (excl. of Polish) 

. French-Canadian 

. Finnish 

.German (excl. of Polish) 

. Greek 

. Italian 

. Lithuanian 

. Norwegian 

. If of any other race, write name of race here 

Please answer questions on both sides of this card. 

A Summary Card also was drafted, making provision for a sum- 
mary of the information obtained in each plant from the Individual 
Census cards. These were intended to furnish knowledge regarding 
the extent to which it would be advisable to establish evening schools 
in the cities and towns of the State. Letters of instruction regarding 
the taking of an Industrial Census were sent to 449 industries. The 
replies were unusually complete. Reports from 180 plants showed 
that all employees of those plants spoke English. Summaries were 



124 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

received from 210 which had non-Enghsh-speaking aliens in their em- 
ploy. In addition to this there were 44 towns or cities in which 
employees of factories expressed a desire to attend evening schools. 
The total report showed that approximately 7,000 desired to attend 
evening schools for the purpose of learning the English language. 

In the meantime the State Department of Public Instruction was 
in close and hearty co-operation with the Americanization movement. 
Mr. E. W. Butterfield, Superintendent, and Miss Harriet L. Huntress, 
Deputy, were members of the Committee and furnished the connec- 
tion that was most necessary. On June 24, a conference between the 
Committee and School Superintendents of the State was held at which 
the following general conclusions were reached: 

(1) That pressure must be brought on school boards to secure necessary appropria- 
tions to provide competent teachers and equipment; (2) that Catholic Chiu-ch leaders 
could be of great assistance and their aid should be earnestly sought; (3) that it is 
advisable to promote a course "Teaching English to Immigrants" the last week of the 
Institute Course at the Keene Normal School, August 12-16, 1918; (4) that a State Su- 
pervisor and Instructor would be of great assistance to school superintendents; (5) that 
the education of non-English-speaking women was a most important problem and that 
the Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense, would be a most effective agency 
in that work. 

A plan was adopted whereby teachers might receive special train- 
ing in the teaching of English to non-English-speaking residents. A 
course of one week was to be conducted during the period of the In- 
stitute Course at the Keene Normal School. For the sake of women 
who could not readily attend evening schools it was planned to give 
informal instruction in the homes. This work was under the direction 
of the Woman's Committee of the Council of National Defense. 

In September the Committee secured the services of Mr. Maro S. 
Brooks, Superintendent of Schools at Exeter, as supervisor of evening 
schools, with the title of Executive Secretary of the Committee on 
Americanization. A letter was sent to school officials of the State 
informing them of this appointment and requesting their co-operation. 

Meantime the New Hampshire Federation of Labor in annual ses- 
sion had endorsed the Americanization movement and urged "all 
employers of labor to assist in this work for the benefit of labor, for 
the benefit of industry and for better citizenship." 

The establishment of evening courses, the securing of the interest of 
industrial leaders and the movement in Church Schools were proceed- 
ing with gratifying results when the end of the war came. The Com- 



ON PUBLIC SAFTEY 125 

mittee remained in existence for some time thereafter, continuing its 
plans. In conference with the Governor and the Superintendent of 
Public Instruction a new Educational Bill was drafted which was 
adopted later by the State Legislature. By this bill a State Board of 
Education was formed. The Chairman of the Committee on Ameri- 
canization became Chairman of the Board and several of his associates 
became members. The later history of the Americanization movement 
becomes a part of the history of education in the state as developed by 
the State Department of Public Instruction. 



XV 

THE HISTORIAN 

About the middle of August, 1917, the Committee on Public Safety 
received a letter from the National Board for Historical Service sug- 
gesting that a State Committee on History be appointed. The 
Executive Committee thereupon appointed its secretary to be the 
State War Historian. The Secretary of the Committee, Richard 
Wellington Husband, was Professor of the Classical Languages in 
Dartmouth College and had been loaned by the College to the Com- 
mittee on Public Safety for the period of the war. The writings of the 
Secretary upon the subject of Roman Criminal Law and Roman Po- 
litical History had given indication of his interest in historical subjects 
and had afforded him practice in the treatment of documentary evi- 
dence. At the same time it was voted that local committees on 
Public Safety be requested to compile a record of the men from their 
towns who were engaged in the military or naval service. 

Immediately after the establishment of the Committee on Public 
Safety it was felt that all the records of any kind relating to the plans, 
policies and operations of all sub-committees should finally be cen- 
tralized in the office of the headquarters of the Committee, and such 
request was sent to all sections of the Committee. It was also voted 
that the chairmen of all sub-committees be requested to send to the 
Executive Committee the minutes of all their meetings, including the 
minutes of the Executive Committee of each sub-committee. This 
plan was carried out faithfully, and the material thereby collected 
formed an excellent basis for the later investigation of the State War 
Historian. It may be noted that the Executive Committee con- 
sidered policies to be adopted throughout the State, passed judgment 
upon matters of somewhat temporary or immediate importance, but 
established State committees to have charge of subjects which were 
likely to require attention for a considerable length of time. 

The difficult feature of the work of the historian was that of collect- 
ing the military and naval records of all persons of the State who had 
entered the service. It was decided that not only should those be 
listed who were in the service of the United States Army or Navy, but 
also those who were in the service of any of the allied countries. The 

126 ^ 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 127 

obstacles in the way were numerous and at first sight appeared in- 
surmountable. No organization during the Great War bore the name 
of any of the states, and no organization was composed exclusively of 
the men of one state. In addition to this the residents of each state 
voluntarily enlisted wherever they saw fit, with the result that it was 
impossible to secure any complete list of names of enlisted men from 
recruiting stations. 

In view of these facts it immediately became manifest that it would 
be advisable to have a local historian appointed in each township and 
city of the state, whose duty would be that of getting together in 
systematic form the material of importance for a local history and to 
constitute a portion of the state record. Each local Committee on 
Public Safety was requested to appoint a historian. This was done, 
and within a short time all townships and cities in the state, to the 
number of about two hundred and thirty, had their local historians. 

Names were secured by the State War Historian from the Local 
Boards as men were inducted, from the Navy recruiting stations 
within the state and from the headquarters of the Army recruiting 
ofiicers of northern New England. The names thus secured were card 
catalogued in the office of the State War Historian and arranged 
alphabetically by towns. War record blanks were printed, each of 
which had space allotted to those facts in connection with the persons 
in service which were assumed to be of interest in a permanent record. 
Such facts about each man in the service as had been gathered from 
the som-ces mentioned above were transferred from the card catalogue 
to blanks, and the blanks containing the history of all persons in the 
service from each town and an additional supply of unfilled blanks 
was sent to the appropriate local historian. 

Each local historian was requested to enter on the blanks whatever 
information could be obtained locally to supplement the information 
received from the office of the state historian. Each local historian 
was also charged with the duty of making a thorough canvass of his 
town to discover other persons who had entered the service and who 
were not known to the state headquarters. It was found that on the 
average only about one-third of those in the service when the compiling 
of records began had actually been listed at state headquarters as a 
result of examining the records of recruiting stations and those of the 
selective service boards. Other names were added to the list at state 
headquarters through the personal investigation of the local historians. 

The local historians' work was commonly facilitated by lists pre- 



128 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

pared by lodges, churches, industrial plants and other organizations, 
which formed honor rolls of their own members who had been called to 
the colors. The local historian brought his account of each person in 
the service up to date as nearly as possible and once a month returned 
to state headquarters all blanks upon which he had put new informa- 
tion. The facts recorded on the blanks were then transferred to cards 
at state headquarters, and the blanks returned to the local historian to 
continue the record. Local historians were urged to make returns to 
the state headquarters once a month, even in cases where the record 
was very incomplete, since each item of information frequently proved 
to be extremely useful. 

Certain parts of the information called for on the war record blanks 
were intended to constitute a permanent record; other parts were 
merely for temporary use. The temporary uses to which the cata- 
logue was put related to information necessary to the Red Cross, the 
State Committee on Aid to Dependents of Soldiers and Sailors, the 
office of the Adjutant General of the State, and various societies. 
Since the information that was recorded came normally from the 
families of those in the service errors were apt to creep in. This was 
especially true in connection with the organization to which a soldier 
belonged, his company and regiment, for the average person is ex- 
tremely inaccurate in his memory of numbers and strange technical 
terms. Nevertheless, experience showed that the address on letters 
written by the soldiers to their families containing this information 
was usually correct so that errors were not so frequent as might be 
anticipated. 

Local historians usually made their reports regularly and conducted 
their investigations with the greatest enthusiasm. If at any time a 
local historian became lax in submitting his reports, the State War 
Historian requested that a report be made promptly. Any serious 
delinquency resulted in a suggestion to the local committee that a new 
appointment would be desirable. Fortunately this did not often 
occur. 

The interest of local historians was stimulated by the weekly publi- 
cation of a small and simple "News Letter to Local Historians" con- 
taining a statement of New Hampshire casualties, a small list of honor 
famiUes, a hst of newly announced commissions, a list of the towns 
whose historians had submitted reports during the preceding week, and 
such special items as would seem to be of interest or value to the histo- 
rians. Occasionally a short supplementary article appeared, such as a 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 129 

description of the use of the stars on a service flag, or an interesting 
personal item. As a further stimulus to local historians, and as a 
matter of general interest to the state, a tabulation was made and 
published about once in three months giving a list of the towns in the 
state, the name of the local historian in each, and the number 
of persons reported as in the service up to that time. This was 
commonly followed by a computation of the percentage of the popu- 
lation of each town with the colors. Such a computation served the 
double purpose of stimulating town pride and of warning historians 
whose towns stood low in the list that possibly they had not discovered 
the names of all who should be included in their honor rolls. 

At state headquarters three card indexes were maintained. The 
first index, commonly called in the office the "town file," contained the 
full military or naval history of each person in the service. The cards 
in this index were arranged alphabetically by towns. The second 
index contained a complete alphabetical file covering the whole state. 
On each card appeared simply the name and the residence of the per- 
son. The third index, called the "organization file," had its cards 
arranged alphabetically according to the organization in which each 
person was classed. The various branches of the service were filed 
separately so that at- any one time the number of residents of the state 
in each branch might be ascertained. 

At the outset local historians were frequently somewhat slow in 
making their reports for the reason that they did not realize the im- 
mediate value of the work they were doing. As interest increased 
their work became more enthusiastic and more promptly performed. 
To such an extent was this the case that the State War Historian was 
encouraged to make to the Committee on Public Safety on July 1, 
1918, a full report of the work that was being done by the local his- 
torians. It was very evident that the organized effort was successful 
beyond our greatest hope, and it was fm-ther evident that New Hamp- 
shire was gaining more rapidly than other states in knowledge of its 
men who were serving their country or one of the allied countries. 
This was made so clear to the Committee on Public Safety that they 
passed a resolution "that the committee express its appreciation of the 
work reported by the State War Historian, including the work of the 
local historians and its confident belief that the gathering and compila- 
tion of the details relating to New Hampshire residents now in the 
country's service will constitute one of the most important records of 
the history of the state." 



130 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

Toward the end of the same month, the Council of National 
Defense recommended that each local community maintain an 
honor roll and grant community recognition to distinguished serv- 
ice. The Committee on Public Safety adopted the suggestions of the 
Council of National Defense and made them known to the local 
committees. At the same time it was voted that an appropriate 
letter be sent, in the name of the Committee on Public Safety, to the 
next of kin of all men reported in the casualty lists as having died in 
line of duty. 

Meantime many difficult problems were arising which required the 
utmost care and the closest investigation to settle. The problems 
related chiefly to the inclusion or exclusion of names and to the town 
which should have the credit for the service of any individual. The 
State War Historian thereupon requested the Committee on Public 
Safety to appoint a special committee to confer with the historian and 
to assist him in drafting a set of rules for the guidance of local his- 
torians in compiling their records. In accordance with this request, 
Frank S. Streeter and Clarence E. Carr were appointed to act as an 
advisory committee to the State War Historian. 

A set of rules was drafted and submitted to the committee for dis- 
cussion at its next meeting. The committee accepted the rules as 
drafted and thereby made them the basis for the state record. 

It was decided that all persons regularly enrolled in the military or 
naval forces of the United States or its allies were entitled to a place in 
an honor roll and entitled to representation on a service flag. The 
term "military or naval forces" was meant to include only such per- 
sons as fell within the list enumerated in the Soldiers' and Sailors* 
Civil Rights Bill. It was decided that no person should be entitled 
to a place in an honor roll who had been discharged from the mili- 
tary or naval forces for a cause existing prior to his entrance into 
the service. 

The next point of difficulty was that of crediting a person to the 
proper town. The rule as finally adopted was that the names of those 
only should be included who had tlieir domicile within that town. For 
this reason the desire of the man himself would not be taken into 
account and his post office address was merely evidence, but not con- 
clusive, of his residence in a town. A soldier or sailor who was less 
than twenty-one years of age at the time of his entrance into service 
should be credited to the town in which his parents at that time had 
their domicile. 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 131 

In the application of these rules the greatest difficulty was ex- 
perienced in the cases of those men who had changed their residence 
within a short time before their entrance into the service. In such 
cases both towns concerned frequently made claims, and it was often 
extremely difficult to decide between the claimants. It is a pleasure to 
report that almost without exception the decisions rendered by the 
State War Historian and his Advisory Committee were accepted 
gracefully by local historians and by the towns, even at times when 
perhaps they were not thoroughly convinced. 

Local historians were urged to secure photographs of all members 
of the military or naval forces from their respective towns and have 
them deposited in the town library or other appropriate library. 
Librarians were requested to co-operate with local historians in secur- 
ing these photographs. In some instances this program was carried 
through with the utmost success; in other cases no effort seems to have 
been made to follow the suggestion of the State Committee. 

The State War Historian endeavored also to secure from local his- 
torians for filing at state headquarters some account of the life history 
of all New Hampshire members of the military and naval forces who 
were cited for bravery or for distinguished service and of those who 
died in line of duty during the war. A printed form of special charac- 
ter was prepared to be filled out by local historians with reference to 
such men in their respective communities. 

When the armistice was signed it was computed that there were on 
record in the office of the State Historian at least 95 per cent of the 
names of all New Hampshire men who had been in the service, and a 
very satisfactory account was filed of a large percentage of these. As 
rapidly as men were discharged they were seen by the local historians 
and requested to examine their war record blanks as prepared by the 
local historian, correct any errors, and when they had been corrected 
and filled out to the fullest extent, they were signed by the discharged 
man himself and sent to the state office for permanent filing. 

In the spring of 1919, the Adjutant General's office was charged 
with the duty of organizing the evidence to be presented by soldiers 
and sailors who requested the state bonus which had been voted by 
the New Hampshire Legislature. Copies of discharge papers, or 
other adequate evidence that the men had been in service, were de- 
posited in the office of the Adjutant General. These also were placed 
at the disposal of the State War Historian and were found to be ex- 
tremely valuable in correcting any remaining errors in his record and 



132 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

in adding certain other items of information regarding the nature of 
the service in which the men had been engaged. 

With the enthusiastic assistance and co-operation of state officials of 
the American Legion, and of local bodies, the labors of local historians 
and of the State War Historian were greatly expedited. Particular 
mention should also be made of the great help given by the Home 
Service workers of the American Red Cross. The work was stopped 
before completion owing to lack of state appropriation. 



y 



XVI 
CONCLUSION 

The activities of the New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety- 
were practically terminated at the signing of the armistice on Nov^em- 
ber 11, 1918, but meetings were held up to December 23, 1918, on 
which date the Chairman reported that he had interviewed Governor 
Keyes and Governor-elect Bartlett in regard to the advisability of 
continuing the Committee and that both had requested that the Com- 
mittee be not disbanded at present. 

At the expiration of his term of oflBce, Governor Keyes sent the 
following letter to the Chairman: — 

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHmE 
EXECUTIVE CHAMBER 

Concord, N. H., December 27, 1918. 
Hon. John B. Jameson, 

Chairman, New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety, 
Concord, N. H. 
My dear Mr. Jameson: 

I wish to thank you and through you the other members of the New Hampshire 
Committee on Public Safety for patriotic service rendered in connection with the war 
work of our state. From personal observation I am well aware of the great amount 
of valuable time, labor and counsel which you and your associates have devoted, 
without recompense, to this essential and diflScult duty; and the excellence of the results 
obtained is fully appreciated, I believe, by the people of the state, as it certainly is by 
me. I am proud of the record of New Hampshire in connection with the participa- 
tion of our nation in the World War; and in many of the factors contributing to 
the perfect whole of that record I see the guiding hand of your committee. Please 
accept for yourself and convey to your associates my heartfelt thanks, personal and 
official, and for the complete and cordial co-operation of the New Hampshire Com- 
mittee on Public Safety with the Chief Executive of the State during my administra- 
tion as Governor. 

Yours very truly, 

(Signed) Henry W. Keyes, 

Governor. 

Governor Bartlett, immediately upon assuming office, requested 
the continuance of the Committee as follows: — 

133 



134 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE 
EXECUTmE CHAMBER 

Concord, January 3, 1919. 
Hon, John B. Jameson, 
Chairman, Committee on Public Safety, 
State House, Concord, N. H. 
Dear Sir: 

In view of the fact that valuable service may still be rendered the State and Nation 
by the New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety and its local committees during the 
post-war period, I wish to ask that the organization be continued, at least until the 
peace treaty is signed and the war thereby ended. It is very apparent that if this 
splendid voluntary organization is permitted to disband now, it will be most difficult, 
if not impossible, to recreate it. Will you, therefore, please bring this request to the 
attention of the Committee of 100 and transmit it to your local committees throughout 
the State.' 

Yours very truly, 

(Signed) John H. Bartlett, 

Governor. 

In accordance with the above request, the Committee continued 
its official existence until the passing of the following resolution by 
the Governor and Council: 

the state of new HAMPSHIRE 
OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE 

Concord, March 7, 1921. 
Hon. John B. Jameson, 
Concord, New Hampshire. 
My Dear Sir: 

Under date of January 5, 1921, the following vote was passed by His Excellency, 
John H. Bartlett, Governor, and the Honorable Council: 

"Resolved, that the New Hampshire Committee on Public Safety be and hereby is 
terminated; that its work is most highly valued and appreciated by this administration; 
and that it is our request that the history of its service, now in preparation, be com- 
pleted." 

Yours very truly, 

Edwin C. Bean, 
Secretary of State. 

The final meeting of the Executive Committee was held on June 17, 
1921, at which time the above resolution was read. 

The financial statement of the Committee (as published below) 
was presented. 

The Chairman and Secretary were duly authorized "to make 
publication of the history of the acti\'ities of the Committee in proper 
form and in proper manner and that the balance of funds now on 
hand be devoted to that purpose." 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 135 

It teas voted "that the Chairman and Secretary be authorized to 
transact in the name of the Committee such business as may be 
required to be done" and that — "The Sub-committees created by 
the Committee on Public Safety be discharged, and that the Chair- 
man be instructed to notify the Chairmen of the Sub-committees of 
said discharge, and to thank them for their serxaces." 



XVII 
FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

The total amount of money expended mider direction of the Exec- 
utive Committee of the New Hampshire Committee on PubHc 
Safety was $100,818.35. 

This amount was contributed in part by the State, in part by other 
organizations, and in part by individuals, as shown below. 

No official or member of the Committee received any compensation 
whatever for his work. 

The financial statement, divided into two parts, with copy of the 
certificates of audit by the Bank Commission, is appended hereto. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

Receipts 

Receipts to April 1, 1918 $71,300.75 

Through the New Hampshire Defense League $30,582.92 

Civic Federation 5,000.00 

State of New Hampshire 12,000.00 

State of New Hampshire (refund) 151.58 

State of New Hampshire 20,000.00 

G. M. KimbaU 10.00 

Daniel Kidder 5.00 

Henry T. Hurlburt 25.00 

A. Ruemely 25.00 

Charles E. Tilton 500.00 

R. N. Harris 10.00 

N. E. Telephone & Telegraph Co 250.00 

George A. Carpenter 500.00 

New England Spinning Mills 50.00 

Loan by John B. Jameson 1,000.00 

Concord Electric Company 200.00 

Local committees Tilton and Northfield 100.00 

H. L. H. Curtis 15.00 

Interest on bank balance 238.51 

Refunds from various committees 549.77 

Refund Red Cross 54.00 

Refund Welch Bros 5.00 

Refund Concord Mailing Company 27.97 

A friend 1.00 

136 ^' 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 137 

D18BTJE8EMENT8 

Cash expended to AprU 1, 1918 $59,895.31 

Executive Committee $8,597,04 

Advertising $54.60 

Clerical 2,570.73 

Mail and express 1,643.58 

Printing 1,065.90 

Supplies 1,788.29 

Travel (including hotel) 963.50 

Miscellaneous 25.00 

Telephone and telegraph 483.44 

Equipment, repairs to 2.00 

Food Committee 21,832.92 

Clerical $1,410.39 

Salaries, garden supervisors 3,412.50 

Salaries 414.09 

Mail and express 478.34 

Salaries, canning instructors 1,860.00 

Expenses, canning instructors 2,718.67 

Salaries, organizers 3,787.50 

Expenses, organizers 4,016.20 

Printing 1,686.03 

Supplies 236.61 

Travel (including hotel) 1,213.39 

Miscellaneous 381.15 

Telephone and telegraph 218.05 

Finance Committee 8.00 

Treasiu-er 4.33 

Speakers' Bureau 120.61 

Publicity 296.87 

Co-ordination of Aid Societies Committee 12.13 

Mobilization and Concentration Camps Committee 4.61 

Aid to Dependents of Soldiers and Sailors Committee .... 8.00 

Emergency and Help Equipment Committee 701.28 

Hygiene, Medicine and Sanitation Committee 16.00 

Military Committee 103.76 

Naval Committee ''^•69 

State Protection Committee 8.63 

Recruiting Committee 3,641.32 

Industrial Survey Committee 338.11 

Transportation Committee 324.21 

Lumberman's Unit 12,000.00 

Miscellaneous ^'^l 

Woman's Committee 4,026.89 

Home Demonstration Work 6,269.70 

Research Committee 159.51 

Equipment 410.09 

Loan by J. B. Jameson, repaid 1,000.00 

Cash on hand, April 1, 1918 $11,405.44 



138 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 



CERTIFICATE OF AUDIT 

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE 
OFFICE OF B.VNK COMMISSIONERS 

Commissioners 
James O. Lyford, Chairman, 
Frederick S. Nutting, 
Gut H. Cutter. 

Concord, April 22, 1918. 
To His Excellency The Governor, and The Honorable Council: 

In accordance with your instructions and at the request of the Public Safety Com- 
mittee, we have examined their accounts from the time of the organization of the Com- 
mittee, March 30, 1917, to and including March 30, 1918. We have found vouchers 
for all pajTnents, and have listed herewith the receipts and disbursements of the 
Committee for that period. 

The receipts, $71,300.75, as here listed, are made up of $37,278.92 contributed by 
individuals and corporations, $32,000 allotted to the Committee by the State, $238.51 
interest on Bank balances, $783.32 refunds, and a loan of J. B. Jameson of $1,000 
which was repaid. 

The payment to the Lumbermen's Unit was made in one check. Other payments 
were made in accordance with the schedule herewith submitted. 

Very respectfully yours, 
James O. Lyford, 
Frederick S. Nutting, 
Guy H. Cutter, 

Bank Commissioners. 



COPY OF RESOLUTION OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL APPROVING 

ABOVE 

executive council chamber 

Manchester, June 14, 1918. 
Upon motion of Councilor Swart, the following resolution was adopted: 
"Resolved, That the audit of the accounts of the Public Safety Committee from the 
time of the organization of the Committee March 30, 1917, to and including March 
30, 1918, as submitted by the Bank Commissioner and dated April 22, 1918, be ac- 
cepted, and that the expenditures of the Committee as shown therein, be approved." 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 139 

CONTINUATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

Receipts 

Cash on hand April 1, 1918 $11,405.44 

Receipts from April 1, 1918, to July 11, 1921 29,517.60 

Check returned by Rev. A. S. Yantis $3.31 

W. A. Curtis 30.00 

State of New Hampshire 18,700.00 

Emergency Food Production Committee 18.11 

Interest on bank balance 55 .00 

Emergency Food Production Committee 25 . 00 

Interest on bank balance 45 . 21 

State of New Hampshire 7,700.00 

J. C. Derby (refund) .95 

Emergency Food Production Committee 26 . 25 

R. E. Gardner (refund) 1.15 

Emergency Food Production Committee 4 . 40 

Red Cross (refund) 15.00 

Americanization Committee 22 . 50 

Sale of Cabinet 36 . 45 

Interest on bank balance 27 . 73 

Rumford Printing Co. (refund) 4 . 25 

Interest on bank balance 14 . 79 

State of New Hampshire 1,000.00 

Sale of typewriters 130 . 00 

Miscellaneous cash 35 . 63 

Loan by John B. Jameson 500 . 00 

Interest on bank balance 3 . 67 

Sale of typewriters 40 . 00 

Sale of typewriters 35 . 00 

Red Cross (refund) 15.00 

State of New Hampshire 1,000.00 

Interest to July 1, 1921 27.50 

$40,923.04 



140 NEW HAMPSHIRE COMMITTEE 

D18BXJH8EMENT8 

Cash expended from April 1, 1918 to January 1, 1920 $40,378.49 

Executive Committee $5,481 .04 

Clerical $1,740.93 

Mail and express 891 . 08 

Printing 98 . 90 

Supplies 1,356.90 

Travel (including hotel) 928. 17 

Miscellaneous 149.58 

Telephone and telegraph 315.48 

Finance Committee 1,095 . 91 

Speakers' Bureau 216 . 59 

Publicity 875 . 32 

Emergency Help and Equipment Committee 4 . 00 

Food Committee 14,309 . 93 

Clerical 2,364 . 47 

Salaries 1,705.01 

Mail and express 416.72 

Printing 2,522.61 

Supplies 912.59 

Travel (including hotel) 4,119.95 

Miscellaneous 184 . 18 

Telephone and telegraph 1,223. 10 

Expenses (organizers) 871 .73 

Recruiting Committee 33 . 38 

Transportation Committee 80 . 83 

Woman's Committee 530 . 60 

Home Demonstration Work 6,110.08 

Home Economics Division 1,428 .59 

Americanization Work 4,723 . 48 

Boys' Working Reserve 200 . 00 

Public Service Reserve 128 . 47 

Emergency Health Committee 23 . 35 

Non-War Construction Work 229 . 55 

Urban Work 1,435.45 

Historian's Work 4,057.40 

Clerical 2,849.14 

Mail and express 528 . 07 

Supplies 585 . 67 

Telephone and telegraph 44 . 05 

Printing 50.47 

Loan by John B. Jameson, repaid 500.00 

Balance on hand July 11, 1921 $544.55 



y 



ON PUBLIC SAFETY 141 



CERTIFICATE OF AUDIT 

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE 
OFFICE OF BANK COMMISSIONERS 

Commissioners 
James O. Lyford, Chairman, 
Frederick S. Nutting, 
Gut H. Cutter. 

Concord, July 11, 1921. 
To Whom It May Concern: 

This is to certify that I have this day audited the books of the Committee on Public 
Safety from April 1, 1918, to date, and find the above receipts and disbursements 
correctly stated and the balance of $544.55 as shown on the books covered by the 
amount on deposit in the Mechanicks National Bank of Concord, N. H. 

(Signed) Gut H. Cutter, 
for Bank Commissioners. 
July 11, 1921. 

After the above audit showing a balance of $544 . 55 

The Committee received from sale of typewriter 30 . 00 

Making a total of $574 .55 

The Committee paid out for printing $13.50 

For mimeographing 11 .00 

24.50 

Leaving a balance of $550 . 05 

I hereby certify that the above balance of $550.05 was used to pay 
for the printing and distribution of the History of the New Hampshire 
Committee on Public Safety, in accordance with the vote of the 
Executive Committee on June 17, 1921. 

John B. Jameson, 

Chairman. 
March 1, 1922. 



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